Manufacture and rheological behavior of all recycled PET/PP microfibrillar blends

Kharghanian, Mojtaba; Perchicot, Romain; Irusta, Silvia; Argón, Cristina Yus; Léonardi, Frédéric; Dagréou, Sylvie

doi:10.1002/pen.26317

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…1 Disposing of such plastics creates the demand for production, leading to an increase in raw fossil fuel consumption and various environmental issues. 4,[8][9][10][11] These environmental and economic concerns are the main reason for the increased public interest in recycling plastic materials and shifting to a comprehensive approach that transforms the linear economy into a circular one. Collecting, recycling, and repurposing waste material in other production processes creates a circular economy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of structure, rheological, thermal, mechanical, and optical properties in Low Density Polyethylene/Linear Low Density Polyethylene blends in the presence of recycled Low Density Polyethylene and Linear Low Density Polyethylene

Esmaeilzade,

Stainslavovich,

Jandaghian

et al. 2024

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Post‐industrial low‐density and linear low‐density polyethylene blown films are mechanically recycled for reutilizing in the production of blown films for packaging applications. This process enables the production of films with lower cost and similar properties while preserving the environment and lowering the amount of waste material disposed of. The mechanical recycling process results in the production of recycled pellets. This process includes chopping, washing, drying, and reprocessing. Mixtures of these recycled materials and their virgin form with various concentrations are shaped into blown films with inherent 70 and 30 wt% loadings for low‐density polyethylene and linear low‐density polyethylene components, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results of the recycled material show no contamination or chemical reaction with other materials. Gel permeation chromatography is carried out on the virgin and recycled low‐density polyethylene and linear low‐density polyethylene, and the results indicate the occurrence of chain session and crosslinking during the recycling process. The decline in the thermal properties of the samples, seen from the differential scanning calorimetry results, indicates the presence of crosslinks. The effect of structural changes caused by the recycling process on the rheological properties is studied. The miscibility of the blend components is evaluated by Cole–Cole plots and then further proved by Han and Van Gurp–Palman curves. Mechanical properties display an upturn following the presence of the crosslinkes. A decline in the optical properties in the films caused by the refraction of light by the crosslink structure in the film bulk and on the surface is evident.Highlights LDPE and LLDPE were recycled according to the circular economy approach Blown films containing virgin and recycled LDPE and LLDPE were produced Chain scission and crosslinking as a result of recycling were studied Rheological, thermal, mechanical, and optical properties were studied

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of structure, rheological, thermal, mechanical, and optical properties in Low Density Polyethylene/Linear Low Density Polyethylene blends in the presence of recycled Low Density Polyethylene and Linear Low Density Polyethylene

Esmaeilzade,

Stainslavovich,

Jandaghian

et al. 2024

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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“…Among the many polymer blends investigated in the literature [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ], a widely studied polymer blend concerns polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ], two polymers with very different characteristics. Polypropylene offers remarkable impact and flexural strengths, while polyethylene terephthalate is distinguished by its excellent thermal properties and good chemical resistance [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis on Isotropic and Anisotropic Samples of Polypropylene/Polyethyleneterephthalate Blend/Graphene Nanoplatelets Nanocomposites: Effects of a Rubbery Compatibilizer

Titone,

Baiamonte,

Ceraulo

et al. 2024

Polymers

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Over the past few years, polymer nanocomposites have garnered a significant amount of interest from both the scientific community and industry due to their remarkable versatility and wide range of potential uses in various fields, including automotive, electronics, medicine, textiles and environmental applications. In this regard, this study focuses on the influence of a compatibilizer rubber on a nanocomposite incorporating graphene nanoparticles (GNPs), with a polymer matrix based on a blend of polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). This effect has been investigated on both isotropic samples and on anisotropic/spun fiber samples. The influence of the compatibilizer rubber on morphological, rheological and mechanical properties was analysed and discussed. Mechanical and morphological properties were evaluated on both isotropic samples obtained by compression moulding and melt-spun fibers. The addition of the rubbery compatibilizer increased the viscosity, improving interfacial adhesion, and the same effect was observed for the melt strength and breaking stretching ratios. Mechanical properties, including the elastic modulus, tensile strength and elongation at break, improved in both types of samples but more significantly in the fibers. These improvements were attributed to the orientation of the matrix, the formation of PET microfibrils, and the reduction in the size of graphene nanoparticles due to the action of the elongational flow. This reduction, facilitated by the elongation flow and the action of the compatibilizer, improved matrix–nanofiller adhesion due to the increased contact area between the two polymeric phases and between the filler and matrix. Finally, a transition from brittle to ductile behaviour was observed, particularly in the system with the compatibilizer, attributed to defect reduction and improved stress transmission.

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“…This is mainly because of its composition, which includes TiO 2 particles, various PET grades, and additional impurities (such PE and inorganic materials). As a result, researchers focused most on methods for upcycling the opaque PET waste, such as a five-stage acetolysis process (mechanical shredding, acetolysis, hydrolysis, repolymerization, and extrusion), which included a decolorization step for colored PET [ 20 ], integration into recycled polypropylene using a microfibrillation technique [ 21 ], or designing new materials with improved rheological and mechanical properties by extrusion and treatment with Joncryl [ 22 ]. Given the predominance of transparent PET in single-use beverage bottles and the variety of available recycling methods for PET waste, this review primarily focuses on transparent PET.…”

Section: General Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Recycled by Catalytic Glycolysis: A Bridge toward Circular Economy Principles

Enache,

Grecu,

Samoila

2024

Materials

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Plastic pollution has escalated into a critical global issue, with production soaring from 2 million metric tons in 1950 to 400.3 million metric tons in 2022. The packaging industry alone accounts for nearly 44% of this production, predominantly utilizing polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Alarmingly, over 90% of the approximately 1 million PET bottles sold every minute end up in landfills or oceans, where they can persist for centuries. This highlights the urgent need for sustainable management and recycling solutions to mitigate the environmental impact of PET waste. To better understand PET’s behavior and promote its management within a circular economy, we examined its chemical and physical properties, current strategies in the circular economy, and the most effective recycling methods available today. Advancing PET management within a circular economy framework by closing industrial loops has demonstrated benefits such as reduced landfill waste, minimized energy consumption, and conserved raw resources. To this end, we identified and examined various strategies based on R-imperatives (ranging from 3R to 10R), focusing on the latest approaches aimed at significantly reducing PET waste by 2040. Additionally, a comparison of PET recycling methods (including primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary recycling, along with the concepts of “zero-order” and biological recycling techniques) was envisaged. Particular attention was paid to the heterogeneous catalytic glycolysis, which stands out for its rapid reaction time (20–60 min), high monomer yields (>90%), ease of catalyst recovery and reuse, lower costs, and enhanced durability. Accordingly, the use of highly efficient oxide-based catalysts for PET glycolytic degradation is underscored as a promising solution for large-scale industrial applications.

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Manufacture and rheological behavior of all recycled PET/PP microfibrillar blends

Cited by 7 publications

References 37 publications

Correlation of structure, rheological, thermal, mechanical, and optical properties in Low Density Polyethylene/Linear Low Density Polyethylene blends in the presence of recycled Low Density Polyethylene and Linear Low Density Polyethylene

Correlation of structure, rheological, thermal, mechanical, and optical properties in Low Density Polyethylene/Linear Low Density Polyethylene blends in the presence of recycled Low Density Polyethylene and Linear Low Density Polyethylene

Analysis on Isotropic and Anisotropic Samples of Polypropylene/Polyethyleneterephthalate Blend/Graphene Nanoplatelets Nanocomposites: Effects of a Rubbery Compatibilizer

Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Recycled by Catalytic Glycolysis: A Bridge toward Circular Economy Principles

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