Manufacture, Applications, and Opportunities of Thin Film Palladium-Silver (PdAg) Alloys: A Review

Abstract

The noble metals palladium and silver find use in many high performance applications, and their alloys (PdAg), known for more than sixty years, are industrially important, finding use in many fields including hydrogen purification and separation, numerous facets of catalysis, and in fuel cells. In recent years, interest in these materials has grown significantly, particularly in energy generating applications and due to their performance as solid-state chemical sensors for a range of small molecules. PdAg thin films can be prepared using traditional physical methods such as cold rolling, or more modern and controllable chemical or physical deposition techniques such as electrodeposition or chemical vapour deposition. Despite the wide-reaching uses of PdAg, several recent advancements in materials preparation, such as additive manufacturing, better known as 3-D printing, remain unexplored for this material due to the differing chemistries of the two elements. In this review, we explore the manufacturing methods commonly employed for the preparation of PdAg thin films, the common and niche applications of these materials, and opportunities for the future development of these two aspects, with an emphasis on how preparation of thin films can utilise additive manufacturing approaches.

The Effects of Irradiation on Structure and Leaching of Pure and Doped Thin-Film Ceria SIMFUEL Models Prepared via Polymer-Templated Deposition

“…fission products (FPs) produced during nuclear reactions, are typically sub-micron to a few microns in diameter, and can induce swelling of the fuel in addition to altering the thermal [25] and dissolution properties of SNF [33,34]. The desired analyses to be undertaken will determine the required thickness of film and thus the required preparative methods which can be employed [35], varying from highvacuum deposition methods such as PVD [36] and atomic layer deposition (ALD) [37] to chemical approaches such as polymer-assisted deposition (PAD) [38] and layer-by-layer (LbL) approaches [39].…”