Manufacture of solvent‐free polylactic‐glycolic acid (PLGA) scaffolds for tissue engineering

Abstract

Conventional methods for fabricating polymeric scaffolds often use organic solvents which might be harmful to cells or tissues. The purpose of this report was to develop a solvent-free method for the fabrication of threedimensional scaffolds for tissue engineering. To manufacture a scaffold, polylactide-polyglycolide (PLGA) copolymers were premixed with sodium chloride particulates. The mixture was then compression molded and sintered to form a cylinder. After sintering, the cylinder was submerged in water for 48 h to leach out the particulates. The scaffold, with approximately 2 × 10 7 mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) of the New Zealand rabbit, was then cultured in an osteogenic culture medium for 14 days. The alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium level, and the mineral deposition of cultured cells in the PLGA scaffolds were determined. The results showed that an increase of alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium levels, as well as abundant mineral deposition, was observed in the cultured mesenchymal stem cells. In addition, scaffolds with pore sizes of 88-125 µm showed the most number of cells during the period of culture. Developing solvent-free biodegradable scaffolds for bone cells may provide a potential method for the treatment of infected bone defects. 

Surface Functionalization of Three Dimensional-Printed Polycaprolactone-Bioactive Glass Scaffolds by Grafting GelMA Under UV Irradiation

“…In this regard, similar results were observed in other studies (Oki et al, 2004;Sharifi et al, 2016). Moreover, other investigations indicated that an increase in the stabilization temperature led to a reduction in the number of hydroxyl groups in the chemical composition of BGNPs, which are necessary for the nucleation of hydroxyapatite-like layers, and for reducing the bioactivity potential of synthesized particles (Hench et al, 1998;Kokubo, 2008;Liu et al, 2009).…”

The Tunable Porous Structure of Gelatin–Bioglass Nanocomposite Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications: Physicochemical, Mechanical, and In Vitro Properties

“…The glasses synthesized by sol–gel naturally contained hydroxyl groups in their networks . Based on other investigation, the number of hydroxyl groups decreased with increasing the stabilization temperature . The results demonstrate that the optimal temperature for completion of reactions and stabilization is 600 and 700 °C, respectively.…”

Thoroughly Hydrophilized Electrospun Poly(L‐Lactide)/ Poly(ε‐Caprolactone) Sponges for Tissue Engineering Application

“…[25] Therefore, the porosity of artificial scaffolds for tissue engineering is of importance. Different techniques such as porogene leaching, [26,27] gas foaming, [28] phase separation, [29] and 3D printing [30] have been performed to fabricate scaffolds with porous structure. Recently, a new method combining electrospinning and self-assembly was shown to fabricate low-density 3D open cellular scaffold with hierarchical pore size to mimic natural sponge structure.…”