“…Our study contributes to the literature on information disclosure in distribution channels (e.g., Guo, ; Guo & Zhao, ; Guan & Chen, ; Zhao, Wang, & Gan, ; Guan & Chen, ; Lan, Peng, Wang, & Gao, ; Zhang, Cao, & He, ; Zhao, Dong, & Cheng, ). This stream of literature primarily studies how much information firms should disclose to consumers and examines the impact of disclosure cost on firms' optimal disclosure incentives and ex ante payoffs in a supply chain setting.…”