Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media.

Straws, seals, and supermarkets: Topics in the newspaper coverage of marine plastic pollution

“…This suggests that newspapers are aware of the reciprocal relationship between the two businesses and is representative of research finding that newspaper content is often unconsciously or consciously self-censored by journalists to retain useful relationships with advertisers or sources (A. Anderson, 2009;Antilla, 2005;Dispensa & Brulle, 2003;Herman & Chomsky, 2008). It is therefore possible that a topic involving supermarkets is so prevalent partly because newspapers wish to avoid shedding a bad light on these corporations, and therefore engage in stories which benefit supermarkets by highlighting their ecological decisions.…”

“…Firstly, news corporations operate within a network that involves funding sources such as advertisers as well as those who provide news content itself, which may lead journalists to self-censor in order to avoid losing funding or news sources (A. Anderson, 2009;Herman & Chomsky, 2008). In the Unites States, such mechanisms, especially through news corporations' ties to the fossil fuel industry, have been shown to have biased climate change reporting for some time which may have hindered citizens' concern and willingness to act (Antilla, 2005;Dispensa & Brulle, 2003).…”

“…Political ties and readership were assumed to have an influence on the newspapers' position in their network and editorial guidance (A. Anderson, 2009;Antilla, 2005;Boykoff, 2008;Dispensa & Brulle, 2003;Herman & Chomsky, 2008). It is therefore possible that newspapers which differ in political orientation will focus on different topics in their coverage.…”

Before reception: Trust in the news as infrastructure

“…Some have praised the benefits of this model, in which "Wal-Mart was willing to subsidize the Baghdad bureau" (Shirky, 2008). Others have argued that this arrangement created perverse incentives for news producers to please advertisers (Herman and Chomsky, 1988;McChesney and Nichols 2002).…”

Fake news and storytelling: two sides of the same coin or two equal coins?

“…We understand that news is a social construction resulting from subjective judgments about the type of information to includeor exclude -in a journalistic investigation (Herman & Chomsky, 2002). Ultimately, the choice of facts and events, how they will be reported, and accompanying images are guided by the journalist's beliefs, preferences, and interests and also by institutional pressures exerted by funders, government, public opinion, advertisers, and sponsors (JØrgensen & Largacha-Martinez, 2014).…”