Manufacturing Flexibility through Industry 4.0 Technological Concepts—Impact and Assessment

Abstract

There is an ever-growing need for companies and manufacturing systems to be flexible in order for them to adapt to the rapid changes and increasing uncertainty in society, markets, and supply chains. Several studies suggest that Industry 4.0 solutions foster shorter innovation/development cycles, resource efficiency, individualization on demand, faster decision making, and, finally, higher flexibility in production. However, little is still known about the relationship between Industry 4.0 and manufacturing flexibility. One of the existing gaps in the literature is the lack of a methodology to assess the potential impact of Industry 4.0 solutions on manufacturing flexibility and companies’ profitability. This paper contributes to closing such a gap from a theoretical perspective. First, it conceptualized the role of flexibility in manufacturing systems. Then, the relationship between Industry 4.0 solutions and manufacturing flexibility was analyzed on a conceptual level, in which the I–T–O model was used to distinguish between the needed and available flexibility. Lastly, based on a decision-theory-based procedure model, a methodological approach for evaluating Industry 4.0 solutions is suggested. This methodological approach is intended to support transparent assessments tailored to different technological concepts as well as the affected types of flexibility (available and needed). It is able to integrate existing methods from decision and investment appraisal theory as well as specific flexibility-related approaches. The results of the paper will be useful for both academicians and practitioners. Besides enabling quantitative evaluations, the methodological approach can be used by companies as a structured path to explore the possible ways they can increase their manufacturing flexibility.

Rapid Investment Casting: Towards Rapid Die Development

“…Industry 4.0 solutions can foster manufacturing flexibility, shorter innovation/development cycles, faster decision making, and resource efficiency. However, there is a lack of a methodology to evaluate the potential impact of Industry 4.0 on manufacturing flexibility and profitability [5]. The concept of Rapid Tooling (RT) is concerned with the prompt fabrication of functional parts intended as tools, such as dies and molds, rather than prototypes or operational components.…”

Modelling the Reliability of Logistics Flows in a Complex Production System

“…On the basis of the function convolution (8), and after performing transformations, the following is obtained:…”

“…Flexibility of organisations can be achieved in various aspects of the business [4][5][6]. In real manufacturing systems, flexibility at the operational level is achieved through the use of multi-purpose machines and production control algorithms [7,8]. The use of lean production and agile manufacturing paradigms supports production processes in companies by contributing to their flexibility and economic efficiency, as well as reducing waste [9][10][11][12].…”

Manufacturing 4.0: Checking the Feasibility of a Work Cell Using Asset Administration Shell and Physics-Based Three-Dimensional Digital Twins

“…Note that, in this sense, a manufacturing process comprises all processes in a manufacturing system. While implementing manufacturing flexibility was a challenge at the time that the mass personalization concept emerged in the 2010s [4], it is realizable today due to the positive impact of Industry 4.0 technological advances [5], such as the Internet of Things (IoT), autonomous robots, digital twins (DTs), three-dimensional (3D) virtual reality, and artificial intelligence (AI).…”