Manufacturing of animal products by the assembly of microfabricated tissues

“…Unstructured products such as burgers, sausages or nuggets will likely be commercialised first, and then structured products such as a chicken breast or a beefsteak will come later [ 5 ]. The manufactured tissue must resemble the in vivo tissue, reproducing morphological and functional characteristics, such as highly aligned muscle fibres and well-distributed fat [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue Engineering Challenges for Cultivated Meat to Meet the Real Demand of a Global Market

Santos

Camarena

Reigado

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Cultivated meat (CM) technology has the potential to disrupt the food industry—indeed, it is already an inevitable reality. This new technology is an alternative to solve the environmental, health and ethical issues associated with the demand for meat products. The global market longs for biotechnological improvements for the CM production chain. CM, also known as cultured, cell-based, lab-grown, in vitro or clean meat, is obtained through cellular agriculture, which is based on applying tissue engineering principles. In practice, it is first necessary to choose the best cell source and type, and then to furnish the necessary nutrients, growth factors and signalling molecules via cultivation media. This procedure occurs in a controlled environment that provides the surfaces necessary for anchor-dependent cells and offers microcarriers and scaffolds that favour the three-dimensional (3D) organisation of multiple cell types. In this review, we discuss relevant information to CM production, including the cultivation process, cell sources, medium requirements, the main obstacles to CM production (consumer acceptance, scalability, safety and reproducibility), the technological aspects of 3D models (biomaterials, microcarriers and scaffolds) and assembly methods (cell layering, spinning and 3D bioprinting). We also provide an outlook on the global CM market. Our review brings a broad overview of the CM field, providing an update for everyone interested in the topic, which is especially important because CM is a multidisciplinary technology.

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“…52 Recently, microfluidic technologies have also been applied to culture macroscopic amounts of cells for the use as food products, e.g., cultured meat. 53 As a complement to the already available large body of literature considering microfluidic formulation of microgels, in this review, we focus on classifying various possible routes toward their compartmentalization and self-assembly, including generation of structures of different topologies and dimensionalities. In particular, we establish that the available microfluidic techniques of formulation of compartmentalized architectures exploit either (i) the self-assembled equilibrium liquid architectures, typically consisting of multiple immiscible liquid segment, or (ii) transient nonequilibrium architectures consisting of multiple miscible segments quenched via rapid cross-linking reactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, microfluidic technologies have also been applied to culture macroscopic amounts of cells for the use as food products, e.g., cultured meat. 53 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfluidic Formulation of Topological Hydrogels for Microtissue Engineering

et al. 2022

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Microfluidics has recently emerged as a powerful tool in generation of submillimeter-sized cell aggregates capable of performing tissue-specific functions, so-called microtissues, for applications in drug testing, regenerative medicine, and cell therapies. In this work, we review the most recent advances in the field, with particular focus on the formulation of cell-encapsulating microgels of small "dimensionalities": "0D" (particles), "1D" (fibers), "2D" (sheets), etc., and with nontrivial internal topologies, typically consisting of multiple compartments loaded with different types of cells and/or biopolymers. Such structures, which we refer to as topological hydrogels or topological microgels (examples including core− shell or Janus microbeads and microfibers, hollow or porous microstructures, or granular hydrogels) can be precisely tailored with high reproducibility and throughput by using microfluidics and used to provide controlled "initial conditions" for cell proliferation and maturation into functional tissue-like microstructures. Microfluidic methods of formulation of topological biomaterials have enabled significant progress in engineering of miniature tissues and organs, such as pancreas, liver, muscle, bone, heart, neural tissue, or vasculature, as well as in fabrication of tailored microenvironments for stem-cell expansion and differentiation, or in cancer modeling, including generation of vascularized tumors for personalized drug testing. We review the available microfluidic fabrication methods by exploiting various cross-linking mechanisms and various routes toward compartmentalization and critically discuss the available tissue-specific applications. Finally, we list the remaining challenges such as simplification of the microfluidic workflow for its widespread use in biomedical research, bench-to-bedside transition including production upscaling, further in vivo validation, generation of more precise organ-like models, as well as incorporation of induced pluripotent stem cells as a step toward clinical applications.

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Manufacturing of animal products by the assembly of microfabricated tissues

Cited by 12 publications

References 110 publications

Review and analysis of studies on sustainability of cultured meat

Review and analysis of studies on sustainability of cultured meat

Tissue Engineering Challenges for Cultivated Meat to Meet the Real Demand of a Global Market

Microfluidic Formulation of Topological Hydrogels for Microtissue Engineering

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