Manufacturing of functionally gradient materials by using weld-deposition

Suryakumar, S.; Somashekara, M. A.

doi:10.1533/978-1-78242-164-1.505

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Somashekara et al [94,95] used two separate wires with two independent power sources fitted into one torch in order to obtain flat pieces with a gradient of properties. Experimental studies allowed for a regression model to predict hardness as a function of torch speed and current of each wire with a maximum error of 6.5%.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Status and Perspectives on Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM)

et al. 2019

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Additive manufacturing has revolutionized the manufacturing paradigm in recent years due to the possibility of creating complex shaped three-dimensional parts which can be difficult or impossible to obtain by conventional manufacturing processes. Among the different additive manufacturing techniques, wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is suitable to produce large metallic parts owing to the high deposition rates achieved, which are significantly larger than powder-bed techniques, for example. The interest in WAAM is steadily increasing, and consequently, significant research efforts are underway. This review paper aims to provide an overview of the most significant achievements in WAAM, highlighting process developments and variants to control the microstructure, mechanical properties, and defect generation in the as-built parts; the most relevant engineering materials used; the main deposition strategies adopted to minimize residual stresses and the effect of post-processing heat treatments to improve the mechanical properties of the parts. An important aspect that still hinders this technology is certification and nondestructive testing of the parts, and this is discussed. Finally, a general perspective of future advancements is presented.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Status and Perspectives on Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM)

et al. 2019

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“…However, sharp interface is generated by these welding techniques. Techniques such as fusion welding [11], powder metallurgy [12], ultrasonic welding [13], and vapour deposition [14] were adopted to fabricate FGMs but the gradient region is very limited [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of SS316L-IN625 functionally graded materials by powder-fed directed energy deposition

Zhang

Chen

Liou

2019

Science and Technology of Welding and Joining

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In this work, functionally graded materials of Stainless Steel 316L and Inconel 625 were fabricated using Directed Energy Deposition. Intermediate layers were built in between of SS316L and IN625. Pure SS316L and IN625 samples were also prepared. The results show microstructure varied sharply at the interface on pure SS316L and IN625 while changed gradually on gradient samples. Quantitative analysis reveals the consistence of designed and tested material composition at the gradient layers. Tensile testing shows the yield strength of graded samples is similar to that of pure IN625 while the ultimate tensile strength is approaching to that of pure SS316L due to the fracture at SS316L side. Microhardness measurements reveal the gradual change of hardness values over the gradient zone.

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“…The development of FGMs via WAAM can be obtained using the following two approaches: (i) by varying process parameters, such as wire feed speed or current; (ii) by feeding multiple wires, as schematically shown in Figure 18. Somashekara et al [94,95] used two separate wires with two independent power sources fitted into one torch in order to obtain flat pieces with a gradient of properties. Experimental studies allowed for a regression model to predict hardness as a function of torch speed and current of each wire with a maximum error of 6.5%.…”

Section: Functional Graded Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in Metal Additive Manufacturing and Metallurgy

2020

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Manufacturing of functionally gradient materials by using weld-deposition

Cited by 13 publications

References 19 publications

Current Status and Perspectives on Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM)

Current Status and Perspectives on Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM)

Fabrication of SS316L-IN625 functionally graded materials by powder-fed directed energy deposition

Progress in Metal Additive Manufacturing and Metallurgy

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