Manufacturing of Hybrid Composites and Novel Methods to Synthesize Carbon Nanoparticles

Abstract

In following are presented the characterization results of nanostructured hybrid composites using alumina matrix reinforced with nanostructured particles of Ni, Ti and soot. The soot used in this work is the byproduct from the synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) or fullerene and contains traces (>1wt%) of either CNT or fullerene. Ni and Ti are used in this work for their inherent catalytic ability for heterogeneous nucleation of carbon nanostructures (nanotubes, fullerenes). The hybrid composites are produced by a combination of methods including mechanical milling, sonication, and Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS). Mechanical milling is conducted in high energy mills, the milled and as manufactured powders are sonicated to assure their dispersion, homogeneity and promote percolation of the components during sintering. Mechanical milling and SPS have positive effects to promote the synthesis of different carbon nanoparticles. For instance, it is observed that mechanical milling of fullerene soot sponsors the synthesis of nanostructured diamond particles and using SPS can be synthesized diamond too and fullerene. Although, it is important to notice that SPS conditions are critical to the amount and type of synthesized particles. The use of CNT soot sponsors porosity, hence lower density resulting in an ideal material for membrane and porous media applications. The results of characterization (X-Ray diffraction, electron microscopy (scanning and transmission)) and the mechanical properties (Vickers microhardness) are discussed accordingly.

HRTEM low dose: the unfold of the morphed graphene, from amorphous carbon to morphed graphenes

“…However, we do not attribute this reflection to the typical ABAB stalking in the “ c ” direction for graphite because our results using the Scherrer method [39, 40] demonstrate that the soot has a grain size of 0.69 nm. This grain size is near that of a single lattice of graphite [30, 41–43]. Therefore, the soot particles are short-range ordered structures and this can be confirmed with the electron microscopy results (Fig.…”

“…The main goal is to identify the effect of milling during the synthesis of this new allotrope. In our previous work we reported the existance of those structures [ 30 , 41 , 42 , 44 – 46 ] based on diamond-like polytypes known as 2H and 4H in [ 47 ] that are proposed numerically. Here we present the analysis of samples where we show the evidence that these are new carbon nanostructures and should not be confused with neither diamond nor graphitic structures.…”

A Green Method for Graphite Exfoliation Using a Mechanochemical Route

“…The HRTEM image (Fig. 18.6c) shows the layered structures of graphitic carbon where the measured d spacing is 0.337 that corresponds to that on graphene and it is further confirmed with the results shown in reported in [26,30,31]. In Fig.…”

Morphed graphene nanostructures: Experimental evidence for existence

“…The main goal is to identify the effect of milling in the synthesis of this new allotrope. In our previous work [17][18][19][20][21][22] we identified a crystalline carbon structure that do not correspond to any known phase of carbon. The identification was closed to a diamond-like structure based on the reported structures known as 2H and 4H in [23] Table 1.…”