Manufacturing of Natural Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Composites by Solvent Casting Method

Kong, Ing; Tshai, Kim Yeow; Hoque, Md Enamul

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-07944-8_16

Cited by 31 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The 1.5 wt.% CNF gel was then dispersed within formic acid to obtain a consistency of 0.75 wt.% CNF content in the solvent system. This pre-wetting of CNFs in the same solvent was conducted in order to further improve CNF/PA6 compatibility and their interfacial adhesion [ 15 ]. To ensure proper dispersion of CNFs, the solution was mixed with the help of an Ultraturrax (T 25, IKA, Königswinter, Germany) by stirring at a high speed of 7000 rpm for about 30 s. This solution was then left in an Ultrasonic bath (Exibel, Clas Ohlson, Dalarna, Sweden) for 10 min to remove any possible bubbles.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The primary advantage of solvent casting is the ease of fabrication without specialized equipment that is essential for other techniques such as extrusion and injection molding processes. The cast film exhibits a homogenous thickness distribution and fiber dispersion [ 15 ]. Currently, the most commonly used solvent is dimethylformamide (DMF).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strong Polyamide-6 Nanocomposites with Cellulose Nanofibers Mediated by Green Solvent Mixtures

et al. 2021

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Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) as a bio-based reinforcement has attracted tremendous interests in engineering polymer composites. This study developed a sustainable approach to reinforce polyamide-6 or nylon-6 (PA6) with CNFs through solvent casting in formic acid/water mixtures. The methodology provides an energy-efficient pathway towards well-dispersed high-CNF content PA6 biocomposites. Nanocomposite formulations up to 50 wt.% of CNFs were prepared, and excellent improvements in the tensile properties were observed, with an increase in the elastic modulus from 1.5 to 4.2 GPa, and in the tensile strength from 46.3 to 124 MPa. The experimental tensile values were compared with the analytical values obtained by micromechanical models. Fractured surfaces were observed using scanning electron microscopy to examine the interface morphology. FTIR revealed strong hydrogen bonding at the interface, and the thermal parameters were determined using TGA and DSC, where the nanocomposites’ crystallinity tended to reduce with the increase in the CNF content. In addition, nanocomposites showed good thermomechanical stability for all formulations. Overall, this work provides a facile fabrication pathway for high-CNF content nanocomposites of PA6 for high-performance and advanced material applications.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong Polyamide-6 Nanocomposites with Cellulose Nanofibers Mediated by Green Solvent Mixtures

et al. 2021

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“…27–30 A range of natural fibers was described in the Kong et al. 31 A characterization of silicon carbide (SiC) fibers for applications influenced by high temperatures is given in Singh et al. 32…”

Section: Fiber Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

State-of-the-art of fiber-reinforced polymers in additive manufacturing technologies

Hofstätter

Pedersen

Tosello

et al. 2017

Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites

114

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“…On an industrial scale, it is important to optimize processing methods and modify materials if necessary, to produce high performance nanocomposites and to improve the scalability of the overall production. While processes like solvent casting have been successful in negating the degradation effect by not involving high temperatures, solvent casting process is most suited to small-scale or lab conditions and besides, extensive use of solvents generates chemical wastes making it not ecofriendly [ 13 , 14 ]. Conventional methods like melt processing, injection molding and compressing molding have already been well established in the current day industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Performance PA 6/Cellulose Nanocomposites in the Interest of Industrial Scale Melt Processing

Sridhara

Vilaseca

2021

Polymers

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On an industrial scale, it is a challenge to achieve cellulose based nanocomposites due to dispersion issues and high process temperatures sensitivity. The current study describes methods to develop mechanically strong and thermally stable polyamide 6 (PA 6) and cellulose nanofibers (CNF) composites capable of tolerating high processing temperatures. With PA 6 being a very technical polymer matrix to be reinforced with CNF, good dispersion can be achieved with a high speed kinetic mixer and also shield the CNF from excess thermal degradation by implementing extremely short processing time. This paper presents an industrially feasible method to produce PA 6/CNF nanocomposites with high CNF composition processed by a high speed kinetic mixer (GELIMAT®) followed by compression molding to obtain a homogenous and thermally stable nanocomposites aimed at high performance applications. PA 6 was reinforced with three different wt.% formulations (5, 15 and 25 wt.%) of cellulose nanofibers. The resulting nanocomposites exhibited significant increase in Young’s modulus and ultimate strength with CNF content, owing to the effective melt processing and the surface charge density of the CNF, which necessitated the dispersion. The thermal stability and polymer crystallinity with respect to CNF composition for the PA 6/CNF nanocomposites were examined by TGA and DSC analysis. Rheology studies indicated that viscosity of the composites increased with increase in CNF composition. Overall, this work demonstrates industrially viable manufacturing processes to fabricate high performance PA 6/CNF nanocomposites.

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Manufacturing of Natural Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Composites by Solvent Casting Method

Cited by 31 publications

References 44 publications

Strong Polyamide-6 Nanocomposites with Cellulose Nanofibers Mediated by Green Solvent Mixtures

Strong Polyamide-6 Nanocomposites with Cellulose Nanofibers Mediated by Green Solvent Mixtures

State-of-the-art of fiber-reinforced polymers in additive manufacturing technologies

High Performance PA 6/Cellulose Nanocomposites in the Interest of Industrial Scale Melt Processing

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