Manufacturing of urea–formaldehyde-based composite particleboard from almond shell

Gürü, Metin; Tekeli, Süleyman; Bilici, İbrahim

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2005.03.003

Cited by 92 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…It is believed that the recording of the higher hazelnut shell/urea 416 M. GÜRÜ ET AL. 00.14 formaldehyde ratio than in the previous study was caused due to casting by pressure method instead of freely [2]. The addition of fly ash to the particleboard affects the burning characteristics of particleboards [18].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…The influence of hazelnut shell/urea/fomaldehyde ratio on the mechanical properties of particleboard was researched in this study, such as urea/formaldehyde ratio of 1.0, reaction time of 20 min, mean particle size of 0.4 mm at the reaction temperature of 70±2 • C. In addition, it was seen that at the end of the above conditions, the transition was from transparent to cloudy stage, which is the indication of the completion of reaction [2]. It can be seen in Figure 1 that hazelnut shell/ureaformaldehyde ratio highly affects the mechanical properties of particleboard.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The mixture of binder and filler was pressed in the cast at 80 • C temperature and at 100 atu pressure for 15 min by means of hydrolic press. Optimum conditions of urea formaldehyde and phenol formaldehyde reactions were obtained from earlier studies [2,3]. Reaction temperature was controlled within ±2 • C by means of thermostat.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, agricultural residues instead of wooden particles are used extensively for producing of boards. Among the raw materials are almond shell [2], pomace [3,4], apricot shell [5], kiwi prunings [6], wheat straws [7], bamboo [8], cotton seed hulls [9], flax shiv [10], rice straw-wood [11], vine prunings [12], coir pith [13] and wood flour [14]. Besides agricultural wastes, waste cardboards containing aluminium have been used in order to manufacture low density boards [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Processing of urea‐formaldehyde‐based particleboard from hazelnut shell and improvement of its fire and water resistance

et al. 2009

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SUMMARYThe purpose of this study was to manufacture urea-formaldehyde-based particleboard from hazelnut shell and eliminate its disadvantages such as flammability, water absorption, swelling thickness by using fly ash and phenol-formaldehyde. Synthesized urea-formaldehyde and grained hazelnut shells were blended at different ratios ranging from 0.8 to 3.2 hazelnut shell/urea-formaldehyde and dried at 70 • C in an oven until constant weight was reached. In addition, other parameters affecting polymer composite particleboard from hazelnut shell and urea-formaldehyde were investigated to be the amount of fly ash, amount of phenol formaldehyde and the effects of these parameters on bending stress, limit oxygen index, water absorption capacity and swelling in the thickness. The optimization results showed that the maximum bending strength was 4.1N/mm 2 , at urea-formaldehyde ratio of 1.0, reaction temperature of 70 • C, reaction time of 25 min, hazelnut shell/urea-formaldehyde resin of 2.4 and mean particle size of 0.1 mm. Although the limited oxygen index and smoke density of composite particleboard without fly ash has 22.3 and 1.62, with fly ash of 16% (w/w) according to the filler has 38.2 and 1.47, respectively. Water absorption and increase in the swelling thickness exponentially decreased with increasing phenol formaldehyde.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Processing of urea‐formaldehyde‐based particleboard from hazelnut shell and improvement of its fire and water resistance

et al. 2009

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“…Particleboards made from almond shells and UF have high values for hardness (97.5 N/cm²) and bending strength (84.52 N/cm²). These high values were achieved with a 0.97% binder ratio, 70 °C pressing temperature, 25-min pressing time, and 1-to 3-mm thick particles (Guru et al 2006). The bending and internal bonding strength of particleboards produced from hazelnut shells and three different binders with densities of 0.6 g/cm 3 and 0.7 g/cm 3 were within standard limits (Copur et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Effect of Glass Wool and Stone Wool Additives on Some Mechanical Properties of Wood Composites

Ülker

Burdurlu

2016

BioResources

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Mechanical properties of wood composites made from multiple wood species (50% Crimean pine, 30% Eastern Black Sea oak, 15% quaking aspen, and 5% wood machining residues) were evaluated using various amount of glass wool (GW) and stone wool (SW) additives. A total of 70 experimental panels were produced with a target density of 640 kg/m 3 . The bending strength, modulus of elasticity, tensile strength parallel to the surface of boards, tensile strength perpendicular to the surface of boards (internal bond), and cutting (shear) strength parallel to the surface of boards were determined. After statistical analysis, the results indicated that the SW and GW additives decreased the bending strength and modulus of elasticity by 49% in almost all boards. The addition of SW resulted in a 6% reduction in the tensile strength parallel to the surface. Relative to SW, GW resulted in an additional 8% reduction in shear strength, a 3% reduction in the screw tensile strength perpendicular to the surface, and a 6% reduction in the tensile strength parallel to the surface. Thus, the SW and GW additives decreased all the selected mechanical properties of wood composites.

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Medium‐density particleboards from rice husks and soybean protein concentrate

Leiva

Ciannamea

Ruseckaite

et al. 2007

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Rice husks are a valuable agricultural residue produced worldwide with potential applications as a wood substitute in particleboard manufacturing. In this work, the feasibility of producing medium-density particleboards based on waste rice husks bonded with environmentally friendly adhesives from soybean protein concentrate was analyzed. The mechanical properties, internal bond strength, and water resistance of the obtained panels bonded with the homemade soybean protein concentrate adhesives were compared to those of boards glued with commercial adhesives such as phenol-formaldehyde and urea-formaldehyde resins. An alkaline treatment improved the gluing ability of the soybean protein concentrate. The mechanical properties of the alkali-treated soybean protein concentrate were comparable to those determined for panels with urea-formaldehyde. The lower water resistance of the alkali-treated soybean protein concentrate particleboards, compared with that of the formaldehyde-based resins, was counterbalanced by the advantage of being more environmentally sound, which makes them suitable for applications for which the requirements for water resistance are not stringent.

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Manufacturing of urea–formaldehyde-based composite particleboard from almond shell

Cited by 92 publications

References 8 publications

Processing of urea‐formaldehyde‐based particleboard from hazelnut shell and improvement of its fire and water resistance

Processing of urea‐formaldehyde‐based particleboard from hazelnut shell and improvement of its fire and water resistance

Effect of Glass Wool and Stone Wool Additives on Some Mechanical Properties of Wood Composites

Medium‐density particleboards from rice husks and soybean protein concentrate

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