Manufacturing process and properties of spherical granules in the MgO — Al2O3 — SiO2 system

Acid resistance of silicon-free ceramic proppant

“…Proppants, required in hydraulic fracturing operations in the petroleum or gas industry, consist of millimetre-sized solid particles with specific strengths, used to ''prop open'' rock cracks to increase oil well production [1,2]. Proppants work underground over a distance of several kilometers.…”

Effect of TiO 2 content on the acid resistance of a ceramic proppant

“…The process involves injecting a fluid at a sufficient rate and pressuring to rupture the rock formation, thereby creating a crack or fracture, and thereafter placing proppants in the formation to keep the fracture walls open by resisting the forces that tend to close the fracture [6,7]. Proppants, required in hydraulic fracturing operations in the petroleum or gas industry consist of millimeter-sized solid particles with specific strength, used to "prop open" rock cracks to increase oil well production.…”

Basic principle, progress, and prospects of coal gangue ceramic proppants

“…Generally, ceramic proppants are Si–Al‐based composites, which are prepared using high‐grade bauxite as the main raw material 20 . The preparation of a ceramic proppant involves crushing and grinding of the raw mineral material, mixing of the main and auxiliary materials, granulation of the green body of the proppant, and sintering of the proppant 21,22 . Figure 2 shows the preparation flow of the ceramic proppants.…”

“…20 The preparation of a ceramic proppant involves crushing and grinding of the raw mineral material, mixing of the main and auxiliary materials, granulation of the green body of the proppant, and sintering of the proppant. 21,22 Figure 2 shows the preparation flow of the ceramic proppants. The main chemical composition of the mainstream ceramic proppant after sintering is Al 2 O 3 and SiO 2 , and the main phases are corundum (Al 2 O 3 ) and mullite (3Al 2 O 3 ⋅2SiO 2 ).…”