Manufacturing Recycling of Metals in Button Batteries by Microorganisms

Recovery of Silver from Dilute Effluents via Electrodeposition and Redox Replacement

“…Anodic stripping voltammetry of deposits formed on the working electrodes (WE) was conducted in a solution of 10 g•L −1 H 2 SO 4 at a scan speed of 20 mV•s −1 from −400 mV until +500 mV vs. Hg/Hg 2 SO 4 in order to determine the amount of recovered silver, A Mira 3 Tescan GM (Czech Republic) scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS, ThermoFisher Scientific Ultradry EDS Detector, USA) was employed to examine the morphology and composition of the products. All samples were rinsed with deionized water and dried at room temperature prior to analysis.…”

“…Silver and its compounds are widely used in a diverse range of industries including photography, electronics, medical, chemical and jewelry applications. Generally, silver is obtained as a by-product from base metal production such as zinc, 1 copper, 2 nickel 3 and antimony. 4 However, the global demand for silver has increased steadily in recent years due to more widespread industrialization and the greater demand for consumer electronics.…”

“…Generally, silver is obtained as a by-product from base metal production such as zinc, 1 copper, 2 nickel 3 and antimony. 4 However, the global demand for silver has increased steadily in recent years due to more widespread industrialization and the greater demand for consumer electronics. It has actually been suggested that silver production will reach its peak in 2030 and the future silver supply will be soon at risk (2075) due its rapid consumption and limited availability.…”

“…It has actually been suggested that silver production will reach its peak in 2030 and the future silver supply will be soon at risk (2075) due its rapid consumption and limited availability. 5 Consequently, this increased demand for silver and the depletion of high grade raw materials has led to the investigation of alternative methods to recover silver from a wide range of secondary raw materials like used PCBs (printed circuit boards), 6 catalysts 7 and photographic process wastes 8 . In particular, silver recovery from silver oxide button cells has been studied due to the considerable quantities of the waste material and the high silver content present in them.…”

“…In particular, silver recovery from silver oxide button cells has been studied due to the considerable quantities of the waste material and the high silver content present in them. [9][10][11][12][13][14] Silver oxide buttons batteries are widely used in small portable electronic such as toys, watches, digital calculators, hearing aids, etc. due to their high capacity per unit mass and long service life.…”