Manure and Fertilizer Effects on Carbon Balance and Organic and Inorganic Carbon Losses for an Irrigated Corn Field

Lentz, R.D.; Lehrsch, G.A.

doi:10.2136/sssaj2013.07.0261

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…This may be attributed to the higher SIC content and stronger dissolution of respired CO 2 in the XLHT soils due to its higher soil pH (9.1 ± 0.1) relative to other grassland soils (pH: 5.4-7.5; Kindler et al, 2011) and the high intensity of our simulated EPEs (precipitation: 40 mm h −1 ). Nonetheless, the DIC fluxes in grassland soils reported in this study and elsewhere (Brye et al, 2001;Kindler et al, 2011) were significantly higher than in forest and cropland ecosystems (p < 0.05; Rieckh et al, 2014;Lentz and Lehrsch, 2014;Gerke et al, 2016;Herbrich et al, 2017;Siemens et al, 2012;Walmsley et al, 2011;Wang and Alva, 1999;Kindler et al, 2011), highlighting the importance of leaching as a major pathway of soil carbon loss in grasslands. By contrast, DOC fluxes in this study (4.8 ± 2.5 g C m −2 ) were lower than most of the reported values in forest and grassland ecosystems due to the low SOC contents in our soils (Fig.…”

Section: Main Pathways Of Grassland Soil Carbon Loss Under Epescontrasting

confidence: 53%

Comparing soil carbon loss through respiration and leaching under extreme precipitation events in arid and semiarid grasslands

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Respiration and leaching are two main processes responsible for soil carbon loss. While the former has received considerable research attention, studies examining leaching processes are limited, especially in semiarid grasslands due to low precipitation. Climate change may increase the extreme precipitation event (EPE) frequency in arid and semiarid regions, potentially enhancing soil carbon loss through leaching and respiration. Here we incubated soil columns of three typical grassland soils from Inner Mongolia and the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and examined the effect of simulated EPEs on soil carbon loss through respiration and leaching. EPEs induced a transient increase in CO 2 release through soil respiration, equivalent to 32 and 72 % of the net ecosystem productivity (NEP) in the temperate grasslands (Xilinhot and Keqi) and 7 % of NEP in the alpine grasslands (Gangcha). By comparison, leaching loss of soil carbon accounted for 290, 120, and 15 % of NEP at the corresponding sites, respectively, with dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC, biogenic DIC + lithogenic DIC) as the main form of carbon loss in the alkaline soils. Moreover, DIC loss increased with recurring EPEs in the soil with the highest pH due to an elevated contribution of dissolved CO 2 from organic carbon degradation (indicated by DIC-δ 13 C). These results highlight the fact that leaching loss of soil carbon (particularly in the form of DIC) is important in the regional carbon budget of arid and semiarid grasslands and also imply that SOC mineralization in alkaline soils might be underestimated if only measured as CO 2 emission from soils into the atmosphere. With a projected increase in EPEs under climate change, soil carbon leaching processes and the influencing factors warrant a better understanding and should be incorporated into soil carbon models when estimating carbon balance in grassland ecosystems.

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Section: Main Pathways Of Grassland Soil Carbon Loss Under Epescontrasting

confidence: 53%

Comparing soil carbon loss through respiration and leaching under extreme precipitation events in arid and semiarid grasslands

et al. 2018

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“…Increased availability of C substrates from the manure was likely the major reason for the observed result [4,29,[65][66][67].…”

Section: Influence Of Inorganic Fertilizer and Manure Application On mentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Adequate fertilization and manure application have been reported to increase soil organic carbon (SOC) through increased biomass production and through direct C input from manure and residue retention in soils [27][28][29][30][31][32]. On the other hand, both manure and fertilizer application can increase N 2 O and CH 4 emissions [33][34][35] and partly offset the benefits of increased SOC sequestration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigating Global Warming Potential and Greenhouse Gas Intensities by Applying Composted Manure in Cornfield: A 3-Year Field Study in an Andosol Soil

2017

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Abstract:A 3-year study was conducted in cornfield to evaluate how composted cattle manure application affects net global warming potential (GWP; the sum of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and methane (CH 4 ) minus net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB)) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI; net GWP per unit of plant biomass yield). In the first experiment, conducted from 2010 to 2012, five fertilization strategies that included an unfertilized control plot, inorganic fertilizer-only plot, two plots with inorganic fertilizer plus composted cattle manure, and composted cattle manure-only plot were established. In the second experiment composted cattle manure was applied in autumn 2012 and the field was subdivided into three plots in spring 2013, with one plot receiving additional composted cattle manure, the second plot received additional inorganic fertilizer and the third plot did not receive any additional fertilization. Fluxes of N 2 O, CH 4 and CO 2 were measured using the static closed chamber method. NECB was calculated as carbon (C) inputs minus C output (where a negative value indicates net C loss). In experiment 1, manure application significantly increased NECB and reduced net GWP by more than 30% in each of the three years of the study. GHGI in the manure-amended plots was lower than in other plots, except in 2012 when the manure-only plot had higher GHGI than fertilizer-only plot. Application of inorganic fertilizer alone increased GWP by 5% and 20% in 2010 and 2011, but showed a 30% reduction in 2012 relative to the unfertilized control plot. However, due to higher net primary production (NPP), fertilizer-only plot had lower GHGI compared to the control. Application of inorganic fertilizer together with manure showed the greatest potential to reduce GWP and GHGI, while increasing NPP and NECB. In experiment 2, additional manure or inorganic fertilizer application in spring increased NPP by a similar amount, but additional manure application also increased NECB, and decreased GWP and GHGI. Manure application, as a partial substitute or supplemental fertilizer, shows potential to mitigate GWP and GHGI.

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“…Preferential flow through macropores bypasses the soil matrix, which inhibits the transfer of nutrients from the soil solution and solids to percolating waters, and vice versa (Flury et al, 1995). In our soils, concentrations of deep‐leached NO 3 –N, Cl, and DOC tended to be least during macropore flow and greatest during matrix pore flow, whereas the reverse was apparent for DRP, although DRP fluctuations tended to be relatively small (Lentz et al, 2001b; Lentz and Lehrsch, 2014; unpublished data). Under matrix flow, constituent leaching becomes a function of the soil's constituent content, adsorption capacity and saturation, and microbial activity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Mineral Fertilizer and Manure Effects on Leached Inorganic Nitrogen, Nitrate Isotopic Composition, Phosphorus, and Dissolved Organic Carbon under Furrow Irrigation

Lentz

Lehrsch

2018

J of Env Quality

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A better understanding of nutrient leaching in furrow irrigated agriculture is needed to optimize fertilizer use and avoid contamination of water supplies. In this field study (2003-2006), we measured deep percolation fluxes at 1.2-m depth and associated nutrient concentrations and mass losses from dairy manure nitrogen (N) or mineral N (urea, sodium nitrate [NaNO])-amended soils (372 kg available N ha in 4 yr) and nonamended controls and determined the δN-NO and δO-NO isotope ratios in the leached nitrate. Flow-weighted concentration means for individual irrigations varied widely, from near zero to as much as 250 mg L for NO-N, 480 μg L for dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), 43 mg L for dissolved organic C (DOC), and 390 mg L for chloride (Cl). Relative to other treatments, mineral fertilizer increased NO-N concentrations 2.6- to 3-fold and Cl concentrations 2.6- to 3.6-fold in deep leachate, particularly when NaNO was applied in 2004 and 2006, and produced maximum mean season-long NO-N and Cl losses. Manure and control treatments produced similar leachate nutrient mass losses, and for some irrigation periods, mineral fertilizer produced 85 and 97% lesser DRP losses and two times greater Cl losses compared with manure and control treatments. Four-year cumulative losses among treatments differed only for Cl. Isotopic composition of deep-leached nitrate indicates that both transformation and biologic cycling of mineral and manure N are rapid in these soils, which, with percolation volume, influence the amounts of NO-N and DOC leached. In light of the potential negative effects associated with either fertilizer type, and because even nonamended soils produced substantial amounts of leached NO-N (69.5 kg ha yr), management must minimize percolation water losses to limit nutrient losses from these fertilized, furrow-irrigated soils.

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Manure and Fertilizer Effects on Carbon Balance and Organic and Inorganic Carbon Losses for an Irrigated Corn Field

Abstract: Manufacturer or trade names are included for the readers' benefit. The USDA-ARS neither endorses nor recommends such products.

Cited by 21 publications

References 60 publications

Comparing soil carbon loss through respiration and leaching under extreme precipitation events in arid and semiarid grasslands

Comparing soil carbon loss through respiration and leaching under extreme precipitation events in arid and semiarid grasslands

Mitigating Global Warming Potential and Greenhouse Gas Intensities by Applying Composted Manure in Cornfield: A 3-Year Field Study in an Andosol Soil

Mineral Fertilizer and Manure Effects on Leached Inorganic Nitrogen, Nitrate Isotopic Composition, Phosphorus, and Dissolved Organic Carbon under Furrow Irrigation

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