Manure fertilization alters the population of ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria rather than ammonia‐oxidizing archaea in a paddy soil

Abstract

Manure fertilizers are widely used in agriculture and highly impacted the soil microbial communities such as ammonia oxidizers. However, the knowledge on the communities of archaeal versus bacterial ammonia oxidizers in paddy soil affected by manure fertilization remains largely unknown, especially for a long-term influence. In present work, the impact of manure fertilization on the population of ammonia oxidizers, related potential nitrification rates (PNRs) and the key factors manipulating the impact were investigated through studying two composite soil cores (long-term fed with manure fertilization versus undisturbed). Moreover, soil incubated with NH 4 þ for 5 weeks was designed to verify the field research. The results showed that the copy numbers of bacterial amoA gene in the manure fed soil were significant higher than those in the unfed soil (p < 0.05), suggesting a clear stimulating effect of long-term manure fertilization on the population of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). The detected PNRs in the manure fed soil core (14-218 nmol L À1 N g À1 h À1 ) were significant higher than those in the unfed soil core w.s. and 1.6 Â 10 4 to 4.8 Â 10 5 g À1 d.w.s.) in both soil but not for the archaeal amoA gene, in agreement with the field observation. Overall, our results suggested that manure fertilization promoted the population size of bacterial ammonia oxidizers rather than their archaeal counterparts whether in long-term or short-term usage and the NH 4 þ -N was the key impact factor.Abbreviations: PNR -potential nitrification rate; AOA -ammonia-oxidizing archaea; AOB -ammoniaoxidizing bacteria; AMO -ammonia monooxygenase; qPCR -quantitative polymerase chain reaction; PBSphosphate buffer solution; TN -total nitrogen; TP -total phosphate; TOM -total organic matter; CODchemical oxygen demand; PCA -principal component analysis

Ammonia Oxidizing Archaea and Bacteria in East Asian Paddy Soils—A Mini Review

“…A similar trend was observed in paddy soils (pH 6.4) [16] from Jiangsu Province of China, where long term application of nitrogen fertilizer has altered the community structure of AOB but not AOA. In addition, application of manure fertilizer increased the activity of AOB in paddy soils while the activity of AOA remained constant [35]. Moreover, the data on microcosm studies [24] confirm that the AOA community is less responsive to soil conditions.…”

Effects of long-term application of chemical and organic fertilizers on the abundance of microbial communities involved in the nitrogen cycle

“…Significance levels (P) of the RDA models determined by 1000 permutations: ** P < 0.01; * P < 0.05. (Hai et al, 2009), nitrifiers (Wang et al, 2013;Wessén et al, 2010) and denitrifiers (Chen et al, 2010;Philippot et al, 2007), and they could impact the transformation of nitrogen in soil (Qiu et al, 2013). However, it is not clear about different effects of crop residue and livestock manure on such functional communities, especially under long-term fertilization management.…”

“…Although chemical fertilization had different effects on the abundance of microbes involved in the nitrogen cycle, organic fertilization generally had positive effects on those functional microbes. Stubble retention or return of rice straw increased the abundance of the nifH gene (Wakelin et al, 2007;Wang et al, 2013). The addition of organic matter also resulted in higher abundance of AOB (Fan et al, 2011;He et al, 2007;Wakelin et al, 2007) and denitrifier communities (Chen et al, 2012a,b;Miller et al, 2008).…”

不同肥料处理下茶园土壤细菌和古菌群落的时间变化研究

“…The effect of chemical N fertilizer on the abundance of AOA varies due to the soil pH (He et al, 2007;Shen et al, 2008;Ai et al, 2013). Manure amendment significantly increased the AOB abundance in a paddy field with long-term fertilization (Wang et al, 2014) but not in other systems (Wessén et al, 2010;Ai et al, 2013). For AOA, manure increased the AOA abundance and changed the community structure (Wessén et al, 2010;Ai et al, 2013).…”