Manure management: Implications for greenhouse gas emissions

Chadwick, D. R.; Sommer, Sven G.; Thorman, R. E.; Fangueiro, David; Cardenas, L. M.; Amon, Barbara; Misselbrook, Tom

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.04.036

Cited by 530 publications

(387 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…Moreover, transformation from ammonium to nitrate via nitrification is a source of N 2 O (Chadwick et al, 2011); a variation of ammonium in manure could therefore influence, even if marginally, N 2 O emissions at the building level. Finally, methane (CH 4 ) emissions from animal housing are mainly caused by enteric fermentation, sensitive to rate of organic matter (OM) degradability, type of VFA produced and efficiency of microbial synthesis (Monteny et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low degradable protein supply to increase nitrogen efficiency in lactating dairy cows and reduce environmental impacts at barn level

Edouard

Hassouna

Robin

et al. 2016

animal

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Generally, <30% of dairy cattle's nitrogen intake is retained in milk. Large amounts of nitrogen are excreted in manure, especially in urine, with damaging impacts on the environment. This study explores the effect of lowering dietary degradable nitrogen supplies -while maintaining metabolisable protein -on dairy cows' performance, nitrogen use efficiency and gas emissions (NH 3 , N 2 O, CH 4 ) at barn level with tied animals. Two dietary N concentrations (CP: 12% DM for LowN; 18% DM for HighN) were offered to two groups of three lactating dairy cows in a split-plot design over four periods of 2 weeks. Diets were formulated to provide similar metabolisable protein supply, with degradable N either in deficit or in excess (PDIN of 84 and 114 g/kg DM for LowN and HighN, respectively). Cows ingested 0.8 kg DM/day less on the LowN diet, which was also 2.5% less digestible. Milk yield and composition were not significantly affected. N exported in milk was 5% lower (LowN: 129 g N/day; HighN: 136 g N/day; P < 0.001) but milk protein yield was not significantly affected (LowN: 801 g/day; HighN: 823 g/day; P = 0.10). Cows logically ingested less nitrogen on the LowN diet (LowN: 415 g N/day; HighN: 626 g N/day; P < 0.001) resulting in a higher N use efficiency (N milk/N intake; LowN: 0.31; HighN: 0.22; P < 0.001). N excreted in urine was almost four times lower on the LowN diet (LowN: 65 g N/day; HighN: 243 g N/day; P < 0.001) while urinary urea N concentration was eightfold lower (LowN: 4.6 g/l; HighN: 22.9 g/l; P < 0.001). Ammonia emission (expressed in g/h in order to remove periods of the day with potential interferences with volatile molecules from feed) was also lower on the LowN diet (LowN: 1.03 g/h per cow; HighN: 1.25 g/h per cow; P < 0.05). Greenhouse gas emissions (N 2 O and CH 4 ) at barn level were not significantly affected by the amount of dietary N. Offering low amounts of degradable protein with suitable metabolisable protein amounts to cattle improved nitrogen use efficiency and lowered ammonia emissions at barn level. This strategy would, however, need to be validated for longer periods, other housing systems (free stall barns) and at farm level including all stages of manure management.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low degradable protein supply to increase nitrogen efficiency in lactating dairy cows and reduce environmental impacts at barn level

Edouard

Hassouna

Robin

et al. 2016

animal

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“…Regardless of digestate form, precision application and particularly shallow injection reduced the NH 3 emissions up to 50%, which hence is a suitable method for mitigation of NH 3 emissions. Another management option that has been suggested to reduce NH 3 emission from manure is to decrease the crude protein in the animal diet (Chadwick et al 2011). By conducting a meta-analysis, Sajeev et al (2018) could show that reducing the crude protein in cattle and pig diets indeed reduced NH 3 emissions by on average 17% (cattle) and 11% (pigs).…”

Section: Nitrogen Processes At Different Scalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient use of nitrogen in agriculture

Rütting

Aronsson

Delin

2018

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

144

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“…Nitrous oxide emissions are very variable [37] and depend on the C and N composition of the manure (which itself depends on the animal species and diet), the temperature and storage method and length of storage. The IPCC emission inventory assumes no N 2 O emissions from slurry-based livestock buildings and slurry stores, because the slurry remains in an anaerobic state and there is little opportunity for NH 4 þ to be nitrified (untreated slurry contains no or very little NO 3 2 ) [30]. However, as reviewed by Chadwick et al [30], crust development can provide a zone of nitrification and hence a source of NO 3 2 which can subsequently be denitrified, so the crust may be a source of N 2 O [38].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The IPCC emission inventory assumes no N 2 O emissions from slurry-based livestock buildings and slurry stores, because the slurry remains in an anaerobic state and there is little opportunity for NH 4 þ to be nitrified (untreated slurry contains no or very little NO 3 2 ) [30]. However, as reviewed by Chadwick et al [30], crust development can provide a zone of nitrification and hence a source of NO 3 2 which can subsequently be denitrified, so the crust may be a source of N 2 O [38]. Amon et al [35] The IPCC emission factor for solid storage systems is 0.02 kg N 2 O kg 21 N in the manure [3].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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UK emissions of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide

Skiba

Jones

Dragosits

et al. 2012

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Signatories of the Kyoto Protocol are obliged to submit annual accounts of their anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, which include nitrous oxide (N 2 O). Emissions from the sectors industry (3.8 Gg), energy (14.4 Gg), agriculture (86.8 Gg), wastewater (4.4 Gg), land use, land-use change and forestry (2.1 Gg) can be calculated by multiplying activity data (i.e. amount of fertilizer applied, animal numbers) with simple emission factors (Tier 1 approach), which are generally applied across wide geographical regions. The agricultural sector is the largest anthropogenic source of N 2 O in many countries and responsible for 75 per cent of UK N 2 O emissions. Microbial N 2 O production in nitrogen-fertilized soils (27.6 Gg), nitrogen-enriched waters (24.2 Gg) and manure storage systems (6.4 Gg) dominate agricultural emission budgets. For the agricultural sector, the Tier 1 emission factor approach is too simplistic to reflect local variations in climate, ecosystems and management, and is unable to take into account some of the mitigation strategies applied. This paper reviews deviations of observed emissions from those calculated using the simple emission factor approach for all anthropogenic sectors, briefly discusses the need to adopt specific emission factors that reflect regional variability in climate, soil type and management, and explains how bottom-up emission inventories can be verified by top-down modelling.

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Manure management: Implications for greenhouse gas emissions

Cited by 530 publications

References 117 publications

Low degradable protein supply to increase nitrogen efficiency in lactating dairy cows and reduce environmental impacts at barn level

Low degradable protein supply to increase nitrogen efficiency in lactating dairy cows and reduce environmental impacts at barn level

Efficient use of nitrogen in agriculture

UK emissions of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide

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