Many faces of cutaneous leishmaniasis

Abstract

In Pakistan, an endemic country for CL, the possibility of CL should be kept in mind while diagnosing common dermatological diseases like erysipelas, chronic eczema, herpes zoster, paronychia; and uncommon disorders like lupus vulgaris, squamous cell carcinoma, sporotrichosis, mycetoma and other deep mycoses.

Leishmaniasis cutánea zosteriforme causada por Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis y Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis: reporte de tres casos

“…This contrasts with numerous reports on atypical cases from the Mediterranean basin (12) and from other countries, including Pakistan (5-7,11,13,17), India (18), Iran (8,9) and Lebanon (19), where the major infective species is L. major. In these publications, the clinical polymorphism of the disease has been related to parasite dependent factors, such as virulence of the species (5,6,8,9,18), the vector (12), and geographical region where infection took place (11,12,18), and to the host, such as lesion localization (5,8) and immune response (5)(6)(7)(8)11,12,18).…”

“…Its global prevalence varies between 0.17% and 2.5%, according to some case series from the Middle East (6,11). It is clinically discernible by one or more plaques composed of papules or pseudo-vesicles, located on the head (10,12), back (8,9), abdomen (13) or lower limbs (7), forming a lineal pattern and satellite lesions that involve one or more dermatomes that do not cross the median line (6,8,12).…”

Clinico-epidemiological Trends of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis along the Satluj Valley of Himachal Pradesh-A new focus with emerging infection

“…The diagnosis of CL was mainly based on the clinical criteria proposed by Kubba and AI-Gindan. [12] In typical cases treatment was initiated after clinical diagnosis while in atypical/ doubtful cases, imprint smears for Leishman Donovan (LD) bodies and tissue smears for histopathology were taken. As facilities for Novy-MacNeal-Nicolle (NNN) culture medium and PCR were not available in this institute so unproven cases were referred to higher centre for further workup.…”

“…[14] This observation suggests that outdoor activities increase the exposure to vector in this age group. Most studies show male preponderance for CL [2,12] but some studies describe that females are affected more than males, [9,15] while in few studies sex difference was not observed. [11,13] In our study, females outnumbered the males, the reason for female preponderance is that high risk activities (grass cutting, cattle rearing and field work) are handled by females as per culture of this region.…”

“…10, [8] CL is a disease of hot, dry and damp areas with a minimal rainfall. [12] The climate of this valley is mildly warm and dry during summers and temperate during winters with minimal Rain fall throughout the year. Sharma et al [9] reported a higher incidence of CL during the summer, while Aara et al [13] found more cases of CL during winter.…”