Many ways to make darker flies: Intra‐ and interspecific variation in Drosophila body pigmentation components

Abstract

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Genetic basis of variation in thermal developmental plasticity forDrosophila melanogasterbody pigmentation

“…We confirmed typical patterns of temperature effects on insect pigmentation, with flies from lower developmental temperature generally being darker than those from higher temperature (Figure 1D), reflected in all four traits we quantified (Figure 2A, Figure S1A). This is consistent with global patterns described for Drosophila flies (David et al 1990;Gibert et al 2000;Lafuente et al 2021), and believed to be associated with thermoregulation needs (Clusella Trullas et al 2007;Freoa et al 2023) .…”

“…Notably, various insect species exhibit remarkable thermal plasticity in body pigmentation (e.g. Gibert et al 1996; Stoehr and Goux 2008; Sibilia et al 2018; Lafuente et al 2021), a trait crucial for interactions with both biotic factors (e.g., predator avoidance and mate choice) and abiotic factors (e.g., thermoregulation, UV protection, and desiccation resistance). Generally, insects display darker body pigmentation at lower temperatures, supposedly as an adaptive response to fulfill thermoregulatory needs (Clusella Trullas et al 2007).…”

“…For example, studies in Drosophila flies have documented that lower developmental temperatures result in adults with darker bodies (e.g. Gibert et al 1996; Saleh Ziabari and Shingleton 2017; Lafuente et al 2021). Additionally, melanization in Drosophila has been shown to be associated with thermoregulation and UV resistance (Matute and Harris 2013; Freoa et al 2023), and correlated with various other traits, including behavior and immunity (Wittkopp and Beldade 2009; McKinnon and Pierotti 2010).…”

Thermal plasticity of wing spot size inDrosophila guttifera: investigating the relevance to Wingless morphogen

“…Organisms show changes in morphology, physiology, or behavior when they face different environmental conditions and these phenomena are called phenotypic plasticity (West-Eberhard 1989). Phenotypic plasticity of animal color patterns can be observed in various taxa, for example, thermal plasticity of pigmentation patterns on the wings of butterflies and the abdomen of fruit flies, changes of feather coloration on in response to diet, and rapid camouflage of flatfishes to match their backgrounds et al 1990; Ramachandran et al 1996; Price 2006; Lafuente et al 2021). Investigation developmental mechanisms for color pattern formation has contributed greatly to the understanding of molecular mechanisms for phenotypic plasticity of animal color patterns (Tschirren et al 2003; Gibert et al 2007; De Castro et al 2018; van der Burg et 2020).…”

Corrigendum

“…In the paper published by Lafuente et al ( 2021 ), the below corrections in Section 2.2, Figures 1, 3, 4, and 5, as well as the supplementary tables and figures have been corrected in the article. Section 2.2: Where it reads “Dmax‐Dbk,” it should read “(Dmax‐Dbk)/Dmax.” Section 2.2: Where it reads “Taking the sequence of normalized darkness values along a transect, we estimated its two enveloping lines,” it should read “From the sequence of averaged RGB pixel values corresponding to each transect, we calculated the Euclidean distance of each pixel's color coordinates to the color white and estimated the enveloping lines of the upper and lower extremes of these values.” Figure 1—legend: Where it reads “By calculating the distance between each of those pixels to the black,” it should read “By calculating the distance between each of those pixels and white.” Figure 1—panel a: Where it reads “Euclidean distance of each pixel to black” in the y axes, it should read: “Euclidean distance of each pixel to white.” Figures 3–5, Figures S1‐S2, and appendix Tables A2‐A5: Where it reads “Cpa,” it should read “Cbk,” and vice‐versa.…”