MAPKKK gene family in Dunaliella salina: identification, interaction network, and expression patterns under abiotic stress

Zhong, Tang; Cao, Xiyue; Qiao, Jinnan; Huang, Guoyin; Lian, Weishao; Qiao, Dan; Xu, Hui; Cao, Yi

doi:10.1007/s10811-019-01939-x

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Again, we could not assign specific function for any of the coded proteins based on homology and homology searches as the NCBI NR database only returned hits to general domains signifying MAPKs in general. Nevertheless, our result with the ten genes coding for predicted MAPKKK proteins is low when compared to the reported 33 MAPKKK for another Dunaliella species [77]. This may mean that we did not discover the full set of kinases involved in MAPK signaling.…”

Section: Acclimation To Changes In Extracellular Salinity In D Salinacontrasting

confidence: 75%

Genomic adaptations of the green alga Dunaliella salina to life under high salinity

et al. 2020

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Life in high salinity environments poses challenges to cells in a variety of ways: maintenance of ion homeostasis and nutrient acquisition, often while concomitantly enduring saturating irradiances. Dunaliella salina has an exceptional ability to thrive even in saturated brine solutions. This ability has made it a model organism for studying responses to abiotic stress factors. Here we describe the occurrence of unique gene families, expansion of gene families, or gene losses that might be linked to osmoadaptive strategies. We discovered multiple unique genes coding for several of the homologous superfamily of the Ser-Thr-rich glycosyl-phosphatidyl-inositolanchored membrane family and of the glycolipid 2-alpha-mannosyltransferase family, suggesting that such components on the cell surface are essential to life in high salt. Gene expansion was found in families that participate in sensing of abiotic stress and signal transduction in plants.One example is the patched family of the Sonic Hedgehog receptor proteins, supporting a previous hypothesis that plasma membrane sterols are important for sensing changes in salinities in D. salina. We also investigated genome-based capabilities regarding glycerol metabolism and present an extensive map for core carbon metabolism. We postulate that a second broader glycerol cycle exists that also connects to photorespiration, thus extending the previously described glycerol cycle. Further genome-based analysis of isoprenoid and carotenoid metabolism revealed duplications of genes for 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS) and phytoene synthase (PSY), with the second gene copy of each enzyme being clustered together. Moreover, we identified two genes predicted to code for a prokaryotic-type phytoene desaturase (CRTI), indicating that D. salina may have eukaryotic and prokaryotic elements comprising its carotenoid biosynthesis pathways. In brief, our genomic data provide the basis for further gene discoveries regarding sensing abiotic stress, the metabolism of this halophilic alga, and its potential in biotechnological applications.

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Section: Acclimation To Changes In Extracellular Salinity In D Salinacontrasting

confidence: 75%

Genomic adaptations of the green alga Dunaliella salina to life under high salinity

et al. 2020

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“…RNA was extracted from the overexpressed, wild, and interference strains on the second day of carotenoid accumulation and the fourth day of significant difference using the method of Tang (Tang et al 2020). The expression levels of the important enzymes ammonium transporter (AMT), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), glutamate synthase (GOGAT), glutamine synthetase (GS), nitrate reductase (NR), and nitrate transporter (NRT) as well as the carotenoid synthesis genes geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GPPS), phytoene desaturase (PDS), phytoene synthase (PSY), zeta-carotene desaturase (ZDS), and carotenoid isomerase (CRTISO) were also measured by qRT-PCR using the primers in Table S1 in…”

Section: Measurement Of Expression Of Carotenoid Synthesis and N-meta...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of a novel DsGATA1 from Dunaliella salina on the synthesis of carotenoids under red light

Song,

Lan,

et al. 2024

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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Dunaliella salina is a high-quality industrial effector for carotenoid production. The mechanism by which red light regulates carotenoid synthesis is still unclear. In this study, a transcription factor of DsGATA1 with a distinct structure was discovered in D. salina. The recognition motif of DsGATA1 was comparable to that of plant and fungal GATA, despite its evolutionary proximity to animal-derived GATA. The expression of DsGATA1 in D. salina was still noticeably decreased when exposed to red light. Analysis of physiological and biochemical transcriptomic data from overexpressed, interfering, and wild-type strains of DsGATA1 revealed that DsGATA1 acts as a global regulator of D. salina carotenoid synthesis. The upregulated genes in the CBP pathway by DsGATA1 were involved in its regulation of the synthesis of carotenoids. DsGATA1 also enhanced carotenoid accumulation under red light by affecting N metabolism. DsGATA1 was found to directly bind to the promoter of nitrate reductase to activate its expression, promoting D. salina nitrate uptake and accelerating biomass accumulation. DsGATA1 affected the expression of the genes encoding GOGAT, GDH, and ammonia transporter proteins. Moreover, our study revealed that the regulation of N metabolism by DsGATA1 led to the production of NO molecules that inhibited carotenoid synthesis. However, DsGATA1 significantly enhanced carotenoid synthesis by NO scavenger removal of NO. The D. salina carotenoid accumulation under red light was elevated by 46% in the presence of overexpression of DsGATA1 and NO scavenger. Nevertheless, our results indicated that DsGATA1 could be an important target for engineering carotenoid production. Key points• DsGATA1 with a distinct structure and recognition motif was found in D. salina • DsGATA1 enhanced carotenoid production and biomass in D. salina under red light • DsGATA1 is involved in the regulation of N metabolism and carotenoid synthesis

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“…The interfering fragment was obtained by chemical synthesis. These were constructed into the transgenic vector PGreen0029 by the method of Tang et al [13], and the RNA of the overexpressed, wild-type, and interference strains was extracted for qRT-PCR to determine the expression of their DsGATA1 genes. The subsequently selected algal strain OE, WT, i1 was cultured under red light at 2000 Lux according to the method of Tang et al…”

Section: Construction and Cultivation Of Dsgata1 Saltbush Overexpress...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RNA was extracted from the overexpressed, wild, and interference strains on the second day of carotenoid accumulation and the fourth day of signi cant difference using the method of Tang et al [13]. The expression levels of the important enzymes AMT, GDH, GOGAT, GS, NR, and NRT as well as the carotenoid synthesis genes GPPS, PDS, PSY, ZDS, and CRTISO were also measured by qRT-PCR using the primers in Appendix 1 in three different algae genotypes.…”

Section: Measurement Of Expression Of Carotenoid Synthesis and N-meta...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of a novel DsGATA1 from Dunaliella salina on the synthesis of carotenoids under red light

Song

Lan

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background Dunaliella salina is a high-quality industrial effector for carotenoid production. Although the accumulation of carotenoids in D. salina increases under red light conditions, the content of carotenoids in the algal cell decreases. The mechanism by which red light regulates carotenoid synthesis is still unclear.Results In this study, a transcription factor of DsGATA1 with a distinct structure was discovered in D. salina. The recognition motif of DsGATA1 was comparable to that of plant and fungal GATA, despite its evolutionary proximity to animal-derived GATA. The expression of DsGATA1 in D. salina was still noticeably decreased when exposed to red light. Analysis of physiological and biochemical transcriptomic data from overexpressed, interfering and wild-type strains of DsGATA1 revealed that DsGATA1 acts as a global regulator of D. salina carotenoid synthesis. The upregulated genes in the CBP pathway by DsGATA1 were involved in its regulation of the synthesis of carotenoids. DsGATA1 also enhanced carotenoid accumulation under red light by affecting N metabolism. DsGATA1 was found to directly bind to the promoter of nitrate reductase to activate its expression, promoting D. salina nitrate uptake and accelerating biomass accumulation. DsGATA1 affected the expression of the genes encoding GOGAT, GDH and ammonia transporter proteins. Moreover, our study revealed that the regulation of N metabolism by DsGATA1 led to the production of NO molecules that inhibited carotenoid synthesis. However, DsGATA1 significantly enhanced carotenoid synthesis by NO scavenger removal of NO. The D. salina carotenoid accumulation under red light was elevated by 46% in the presence of overexpression of DsGATA1 and NO scavengers.Conclusion It was found that a transcription factor of DsGATA1 from D. salina has a distinct structure and recognition motif. The novel gene encoding DsGATA1 enhanced the production of carotenoids under red light and endowed D. salina with high algal biomass. The regulation of terpenoid metabolism by DsGATA1 is different from that reported for GATA factors. DsGATA1 yet enhanced the production of NO in D. salina. Nevertheless, our results indicated that DsGATA1 could be an important target for engineering carotenoid production.

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MAPKKK gene family in Dunaliella salina: identification, interaction network, and expression patterns under abiotic stress

Cited by 5 publications

References 46 publications

Genomic adaptations of the green alga Dunaliella salina to life under high salinity

Genomic adaptations of the green alga Dunaliella salina to life under high salinity

Regulation of a novel DsGATA1 from Dunaliella salina on the synthesis of carotenoids under red light

Regulation of a novel DsGATA1 from Dunaliella salina on the synthesis of carotenoids under red light

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