Mapping a hierarchical dimensional structure of high experiential permeability: A bass-ackward approach to linking positive schizotypy and openness to experience.

Abstract

Research on dimensional models of personality pathology has achieved a good deal of consensus on the 5 broad constructs that span adaptive and maladaptive personality traits. Nonetheless, connections between the 5th domain, typically called openness to experience within general personality measures and psychoticism or schizotypy on maladaptive measures, have proven more challenging to integrate. Using experiential permeability as a guiding framework, the current study seeks to develop a hierarchical, empirically derived lower order structure with these concepts. Using a top-down "Bass-Ackward" approach, we examined the item-level structure of adaptive and maladaptive components of high experiential permeability. Results showed support for a hierarchical model with a 6-component solution including mystical beliefs/experiences, oddity, intellect, openness to aesthetics, openness to ideas, and introspection. These components from items drawn from general and maladaptive measures related to one another within and across levels, specifically oddity and openness to aesthetics. Findings also highlight the importance of using lower level analyses when examining larger, heterogeneous constructs such as schizotypal thinking and perception and openness.

The trait model of the DSM–5 alternative model of personality disorder (AMPD): A structural review.

“…First, neither Openness (O) nor Psychoticism (PSY) had any notable cross-measure correlations in either type of study: PSY correlated mostly strongly with self-reported Neuroticism (N; r = .30), whereas O correlated mostly strongly with PSY (r = .20 in both types of studies). These results are relevant to the ongoing debate regarding relations between these two constructs (Blain et al, 2020;Bucher & Samuel, 2021;Widiger & Crego, 2019). Second, not surprisingly, relations between the PID-5 and non-self-report ratings are somewhat lower than those between the two sets of self-report scales: Omitting PSY/O, the average same-versus cross-method convergent correlations are .71 and .58, respectively.…”

A comprehensive item‐level examination of Conscientiousness' underlying structure across three large samples

“…Although there is no clear consensus regarding necessary sample sizes for exploratory factor analyses, samples larger than 400 participants appear sufficient. This rationale is based on the current study's communality of explored constructs and its focus on a single, overarching construct (MacCallum et al, 1999) along with the fact that each sample in this study is similar to or larger than previously published empirical investigations that implemented ‘bass‐ackward’ analytic approaches (e.g., Billen et al, 2022; N s = 200, 118, 94; Bucher & Samuel, 2022; N = 406). The examination of the replicability of these results across two independent samples also provides some safeguard against fears that smaller samples might yield more idiosyncratic results.…”