Mapping Brain Activity During Loss of Situation Awareness

Catherwood, Dianne F; Edgar, Graham K; Nikolla, Dritan; Alford, Chris; Brookes, David; Baker, Steven; White, Sarah

doi:10.1177/0018720814537070

Cited by 54 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 166 publications

(215 reference statements)

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“…Catherwood et al (2014) employed an abstract task, and a real-world urban threat detection task to assess the loss of SA by measuring EEG information for the same. Their study concluded the rapid and early coactivity of visual and higher-order regions for both abstract and more real-world content.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, appropriate use of these techniques will facilitate us in understanding neural mechanisms underlying the Stroop effect on SA and ways to ameliorate it under various environments. Catherwood et al (2014) employed EEG for mapping brain activity and suggested that there is an early coactivity in high-order and perception areas during the loss of SA. The aforementioned study investigated the association of loss of SA with concurrent activity in high-level cognitive regions and those for perceptual (visual) processing through EEG source analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Neural Mechanisms of Pretask Resting EEG Alpha Information on Situational Awareness: A Functional Connectivity Approach

2019

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Objective: In this study, the influence of pretask resting neural mechanisms on situational awareness (SA)-task is studied. Background: Pretask electroencephalography (EEG) information and Stroop effect are known to influence task engagement independently. However, neural mechanisms of pretask resting absolute alpha (PRAA) and pretask resting alpha frontal asymmetry (PRAFA) in influencing SA-task which is undergoing Stroop effect is still not understood. Method: The study involved pretask resting EEG measurements from 18 healthy individuals followed by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) acquisition during SA-task. To understand the effect of pretask alpha information and Stroop effect on SA, a robust correlation between mean reaction time, SA Index, PRAA, and PRAFA were assessed. Furthermore, neural underpinnings of PRAA, PRAFA in SA-task, and functional connectivity were analyzed through the EEG-informed fMRI approach. Results: Significant robust correlation of reaction time was observed with SA Index (Pearson: r = .50, pcorr = .05) and PRAFA (Pearson: r = .63; pcorr = .01), respectively. Similarly, SA Index significantly correlated with PRAFA (Pearson: r = .56, pcorr = .01; Spearman: r = .61, pcorr = .007), and PRAA (Pearson: r = .59, pcorr = .005; Spearman: r = .59, pcorr = .002). Neural underpinnings of SA-task revealed regions involved in visual-processing and higher-order cognition. PRAA was primarily underpinned at frontal-temporal areas and functionally connected to SA-task regions pertaining to the emotional regulation. PRAFA has correlated with limbic and parietal regions, which are involved in integration of visual, emotion, and memory information of SA-task. Conclusion: The results suggest a strong association of reaction time with SA-task and PRAFA and strongly support the hypothesis that PRAFA, PRAA, and associated neural mechanisms significantly influence the outcome of SA-task. Application: It is beneficial to study the effect of pretask resting information on SA-task to improve SA.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Neural Mechanisms of Pretask Resting EEG Alpha Information on Situational Awareness: A Functional Connectivity Approach

2019

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“…Other physiological measures used in the identified papers included EEG, EDA, and RE measures ( Table 5). Three studies used EEG (Catherwood et al, 2014;Kaur et al, 2020;Yeo et al, 2017). One studied the relationship between RE and SA (Sun et al, 2017), and the remaining used EDA (Wang et al, 2012).…”

Section: Other Physiological Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All three papers that used EEG reported a positive correlation between EEG and SA. Catherwood et al (2014) employed an abstract task and a real-world urban threat detection task. These tasks simulated a loss of SA (i.e., task targets were changed without warning) and EEG activity was measured throughout the tasks.…”

Section: Other Physiological Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Measurements of Situation Awareness: A Systematic Review

et al. 2020

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Objective The goal of this review is to investigate the relationship between indirect physiological measurements and direct measures of situation awareness (SA). Background Assessments of SA are often performed using techniques designed specifically to directly measure SA, such as SA global assessment technique (SAGAT), situation present assessment method (SPAM), and/or SA rating technique (SART). However, research suggests that physiological sensing methods may also be capable of inferring SA. Method Seven databases were searched. Eligibility criteria included human–subject experiments that used at least one direct SA assessment technique as well as at least one physiological measurement. Information extracted from each article were the physiological metric(s), direct SA measurement(s), correlation between these two metrics, and experimental task(s). Results Twenty-five articles were included in this review. Eye tracking techniques were the most commonly used physiological measures, and correlations between conscious aspects of eye movement measures and direct SA scores were observed. Evidence for cardiovascular predictors of SA was mixed. Only three electroencephalography (EEG) studies were identified, and their results suggest that EEG was sensitive to changes in SA. Overall, medium correlations were observed among the studies that reported a correlation coefficient between physiological and direct SA measures. Conclusion Reviewed studies observed relationships between a wide range of physiological measurements and direct assessments of SA. However, further investigations are needed to methodically collect more evidence. Application This review provides researchers and practitioners a summary of observed methods to indirectly assess SA with sensors and highlights research gaps to be addressed in future work.

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“…Recent studies have shown the possibility of using neurophysiological methods to assess the cognitive processes associated with situation awareness in experiments based on simulations of military situations (Berka et al, 2005, 2006). In Catherwood et al (2014), Level-1 situation awareness was quantified from brain activity recorded with 128-channel EEG in two tasks: one requiring the identification of a target and another identification of threats in urban scenes. In both, the target was changed without warning, producing a loss of situation awareness.…”

Section: Applications Of Neuroscience Technologies For Human Augmementioning

confidence: 99%

Neurotechnologies for Human Cognitive Augmentation: Current State of the Art and Future Prospects

Cinel

Valeriani

Poli

2019

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

124

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Recent advances in neuroscience have paved the way to innovative applications that cognitively augment and enhance humans in a variety of contexts. This paper aims at providing a snapshot of the current state of the art and a motivated forecast of the most likely developments in the next two decades. Firstly, we survey the main neuroscience technologies for both observing and influencing brain activity, which are necessary ingredients for human cognitive augmentation. We also compare and contrast such technologies, as their individual characteristics (e.g., spatio-temporal resolution, invasiveness, portability, energy requirements, and cost) influence their current and future role in human cognitive augmentation. Secondly, we chart the state of the art on neurotechnologies for human cognitive augmentation, keeping an eye both on the applications that already exist and those that are emerging or are likely to emerge in the next two decades. Particularly, we consider applications in the areas of communication, cognitive enhancement, memory, attention monitoring/enhancement, situation awareness and complex problem solving, and we look at what fraction of the population might benefit from such technologies and at the demands they impose in terms of user training. Thirdly, we briefly review the ethical issues associated with current neuroscience technologies. These are important because they may differentially influence both present and future research on (and adoption of) neurotechnologies for human cognitive augmentation: an inferior technology with no significant ethical issues may thrive while a superior technology causing widespread ethical concerns may end up being outlawed. Finally, based on the lessons learned in our analysis, using past trends and considering other related forecasts, we attempt to forecast the most likely future developments of neuroscience technology for human cognitive augmentation and provide informed recommendations for promising future research and exploitation avenues.

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Mapping Brain Activity During Loss of Situation Awareness

Abstract: Co-activity in high- and low-order brain regions may explain either beneficial or disruptive top-down influence on perception affecting Level I SA in real-world operations.

Cited by 54 publications

References 166 publications

Effects of Neural Mechanisms of Pretask Resting EEG Alpha Information on Situational Awareness: A Functional Connectivity Approach

Effects of Neural Mechanisms of Pretask Resting EEG Alpha Information on Situational Awareness: A Functional Connectivity Approach

Physiological Measurements of Situation Awareness: A Systematic Review

Neurotechnologies for Human Cognitive Augmentation: Current State of the Art and Future Prospects

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