Mapping Cancer in Africa: A Comprehensive and Comparable Characterization of 34 Cancer Types Using Estimates From GLOBOCAN 2020

Sharma, Rajesh; Aashima,; Nanda, Mehak; Fronterrè, Claudio; Sewagudde, Paul; Ssentongo, Anna E.; Yenney, Kelsey; Arhin, Nina D.; Oh, John S.; Amponsah-Manu, Forster; Ssentongo, Paddy

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.839835

Cited by 110 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 49 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In Africa, an estimated 1.1 million new cases and 711,429 deaths occurred due to neoplasms in 2020. By 2040, the burden of all neoplasms combined is forecasted to increase to 2.1 million new cases and 1.4 million deaths [ 10 ]. In addition, cancer is a challenge in African countries because, in general, available funding is limited, the lack of resources, and other major health problems [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Cytotoxic Activity of African Plants: A Review

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In African countries, cancer not only is a growing problem, but also a challenge because available funding and resources are limited. Therefore, African medicinal plants play a significant role in folk medicine and some of them are traditionally used for the treatment of cancer. The high mortality rate and adverse effects associated with cancer treatments have encouraged the search for novel plant-based drugs, thus, some African plants have been studied in recent years as a source of molecules with proven cytotoxicity. This review aims to discuss the cytotoxic activity, in vitro, of African plant crude extracts against cancer cell lines. For the period covered by this review (2017–2021) twenty-three articles were found and analyzed, which included a total of 105 plants, where the main cell lines used were those of breast cancer (MCF-7 and MDA-MBA-231) and colorectal cancer (HCT-116 and Caco-2), which are among the most prevalent cancers in Africa. In these studies, the plant crude extracts were obtained using different solvents, such as ethanol, methanol, or water, with variable results and IC50 values ranging from <20 µg/mL to >200 µg/mL. Water is the preferred solvent for most healers in African countries, however, in some studies, the aqueous extracts were the least potent. Apoptosis and the induction of cell cycle arrest may explain the cytotoxic activity seen in many of the plant extracts studied. Considering that the criteria of cytotoxicity activity for the crude extracts, as established by the American National Cancer Institute (NCI), is an IC50 < 30 μg/mL, we conclude that many extracts from the African flora could be a promising source of cytotoxic agents.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Cytotoxic Activity of African Plants: A Review

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In 2018, the ASIR ranged from 6.9 cases /100,000 in Gambia to 69.6 cases/100,000 in Mauritius, with an overall ASIR for Africa of 37.9 cases/100,000 (66). By 2020, BC became the most common cancer diagnosed among African women, with 186,598 new cases (67).…”

Section: Breast Cancer Incidence In Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The highest determinants for increased survival were determined to be early diagnosis and treatment improvements, with an overall improvement in survival by 22% in Nigeria, Zambia, and Uganda (74). In 2020, the recorded overall BC-related ASMR was 88.8 cases/100,000, ranging from 56.6 cases/100,000 in the Republic of Congo to 139.4 cases/100,000 in Zimbabwe (67). To summarize, 416,000 women are expected to die from BC in sub-Saharan Africa from 2020 to 2029, yet at least a third of these deaths might be avoided with early diagnosis of BC and effective treatments (74).…”

Section: Breast Cancer Mortality In Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Epidemiology of Breast Cancer

Arzanova

Mayrovitz

2022

Breast Cancer

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

As of 2020, breast cancer has become the most diagnosed cancer globally, overtaking lung and prostate cancers. Breast cancer incidence is increasing globally with cases in the United States expected to reach 364,000 in the year 2040. Part of this increase may be attributed to improved detection but some, especially in lower developed countries, may be due to changes in female fertility patterns along with lifestyle changes. Developed countries have the highest incidence of breast cancer. Mortality rates vary widely from global region to region but are highest in socio-economically low areas, reflecting a lack of access to early screening and timely treatment. Even in developed countries, the disproportionately high mortality rate among black women and white women further underscores existing health inequality. This chapter aims to provide a global epidemiological overview of breast cancer incidence and mortality.

show abstract

“…Prior this time, in 2002 precisely, about 6.7 million deaths were recorded to have been caused by cancer, but the death toll in sub-Saharan Africa accounted for less than 5% of these deaths ( Torre et al, 2015 ). Exactly 10 years ago (2012) in the sub-Saharan Africa, new cases of cancer were estimated to be 626, 400 and number of deaths were recorded to be 447,700 ( Plummer et al, 2016 ; Sharma et al, 2022 ). However, the cancer death toll in sub-Saharan Africa has continued to rise ( Olaleye and Ekrikpo, 2017 ; Sharma et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive assessment on the applications of oncolytic viruses for cancer immunotherapy

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The worldwide burden of cancers is increasing at a very high rate, including the aggressive and resistant forms of cancers. Certain levels of breakthrough have been achieved with the conventional treatment methods being used to treat different forms of cancers, but with some limitations. These limitations include hazardous side effects, destruction of non-tumor healthy cells that are rapidly dividing and developing, tumor resistance to anti-cancer drugs, damage to tissues and organs, and so on. However, oncolytic viruses have emerged as a worthwhile immunotherapeutic option for the treatment of different types of cancers. In this treatment approach, oncolytic viruses are being modeled to target cancer cells with optimum cytotoxicity and spare normal cells with optimal safety, without the oncolytic viruses themselves being killed by the host immune defense system. Oncolytic viral infection of the cancer cells are also being genetically manipulated (either by removal or addition of certain genes into the oncolytic virus genome) to make the tumor more visible and available for attack by the host immune cells. Hence, different variants of these viruses are being developed to optimize their antitumor effects. In this review, we examined how grave the burden of cancer is on a global level, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, major conventional therapeutic approaches to the treatment of cancer and their individual drawbacks. We discussed the mechanisms of action employed by these oncolytic viruses and different viruses that have found their relevance in the fight against various forms of cancers. Some pre-clinical and clinical trials that involve oncolytic viruses in cancer management were reported. This review also examined the toxicity and safety concerns surrounding the adoption of oncolytic viro-immunotherapy for the treatment of cancers and the likely future directions for researchers and general audience who wants updated information.

show abstract

Mapping Cancer in Africa: A Comprehensive and Comparable Characterization of 34 Cancer Types Using Estimates From GLOBOCAN 2020

Cited by 110 publications

References 49 publications

In Vitro Cytotoxic Activity of African Plants: A Review

In Vitro Cytotoxic Activity of African Plants: A Review

The Epidemiology of Breast Cancer

Comprehensive assessment on the applications of oncolytic viruses for cancer immunotherapy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About