“…Bullying victimization can exert adverse effects on many aspects of development and function as a precursor of low academic achievement (Caputo, 2014;Hay & Meldrum, 2010;Liu et al, 2014;Menesini & Salmivalli, 2017). Bullying is associated with low socio-economic incomes, but the national average scores might mask extremely diverse intra-national realities (Sivaraman et al, 2019;Tramontano et al, 2020). Previous research has been mostly studied in Western countries and the high ecocountries in Asia, such as Japan, South Korea, and China's urban areas (Chai et al, 2020;Sittichai & Smith, 2015).…”