Mapping Community Vulnerability to Poaching: A Whole-of-Society Approach

Schmitz, Peter; Gonçalves, Duarte; Jacobs, Merin

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-57336-6_23

Cited by 2 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…If South Africa turns to the worst in the future, the risk of piracy along the coast, especially the area around Cape Town could be very high with a significant impact on world-wide maritime traffic. With regards to marine wildlife poaching activities, these are similar to wildlife crimes as discussed in Schmitz et al (2017) except that they also occur outside marine reserves. Abalone, oysters and rock lobsters are highvalue marine resources and the most poached marine resources by criminal syndicates and individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…This article expands on the work done by Schmitz et al (2017) using various research articles which will be referred to as appropriate. A proper understanding of the context is important to successfully implement a wholeof-society approach to prevent marine wildlife poaching and piracy.…”

Section: Identifying Vulnerability To Involvement In Criminal Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 2 also shows the location of marine reserves, a 20km buffer around these reserves, the various economic zones along the coast and the shipping routes. The 20km buffer areas around the reserves are based on Schmitz et al (2017), which is a distance that a person can walk in a day or night to a reserve, harbour, launching site or beach. This is also further substantiated by Clark et al (2002) where authors indicated that small scale fishers in general live up to 15km from their fishing areas.…”

Section: Fishing Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This paper builds on the work by Schmitz et al (2017) on determining the vulnerability to coercion of communities next to game reserves into poaching of wildlife. This paper investigates the use of spatial data, non-spatial data, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and cartography to determine the vulnerability to revert or be coerced into marine wildlife crimes and/or piracy of coastal communities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, even if collaboration is promulgated it may ignore corruption or power issues that may hinder a collaborative effort to respond to and curb criminal activities along the coasts which include the poaching of marine wildlife and piracy. Schmitz et al (2017) gives an overview of the whole-ofsociety approach with regards to wildlife crimes and possible coercion of communities into wildlife crime in South Africa. In the context of disaster management, some practitioners and researchers define risk in terms of vulnerability exposed to a hazard (Coppola, 2015).…”

Section: Whole-of-society Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using GIS and cartography as part of the whole-of-society approach to determine coercion into marine wildlife poaching and piracy

Schmitz

Gonçalves

2019

Adv. Cartogr. GIScience Int. Cartogr. Assoc.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> This paper builds on a previous paper on determining a community’s vulnerability to coercion into wildlife crimes along South African game reserves with a focus on rhinoceros poaching. This paper looks at the profiling of coastal communities along the South African coast for possible coercion into piracy and marine wildlife crime as context for a whole-of-society approach. As with the previous paper the criteria and data are based on publicly available resources to do the profiling. Criteria range from access to motorised boats, history of illegal, unregulated and unreported fishing activities, poverty, unemployment, closeness to marine reserves and levels of education. The criteria for piracy are based on articles and reports on the reasons for piracy along the Somalian coast. From the analysis the highest risk for piracy is the south-western Cape around Cape Town since the proximity to international sea routes, the ability of the local population to do deep-sea fishing and existing gang activity. The risk to marine resources is similar owing to the same reasons as for piracy. It is a known fact that gangs are involved in the poaching of abalone along the south-western Cape coast. Socio-economic risks are higher along the east coast of South Africa owing to higher unemployment, poverty and lower education levels.</p>

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Identifying Vulnerability To Involvement In Criminal Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fishing Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Whole-of-society Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using GIS and cartography as part of the whole-of-society approach to determine coercion into marine wildlife poaching and piracy

Schmitz

Gonçalves

2019

Adv. Cartogr. GIScience Int. Cartogr. Assoc.

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A Whole-of-Society Approach to Wildlife Crime in South Africa

Gonçãlves¹

2017

SA crime q.

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The recent and rapid increase in wildlife crime not only threatens the survival of significant populations of endangered species in South Africa, but also threatens regional security, the sustainability of the tourism sector and social stability of local communities. Many interventions and actions in addressing wildlife crime fail to achieve sustained impact mainly due to the complexity of the problem and the resulting multiple and simultaneous interventions needed along the short, medium and long term. Factors that contribute to the complexity of the problem are, the number of role players involved, the framing of the problem through different worldviews, the high stakes, the number of simultaneous aspects of interventions, the problem dynamics and the huge number of interactions. Different aspects of the problem are interconnected, but stakeholders are tempted to address the problem in parts (fragmentation), thus creating new problems. This dynamic facilitates situations in which decision makers find the problem too big and complex to address and they remain in a state of crisis management. Addressing the current wildlife crisis requires harmonised efforts incorporating on-the-ground cross-border cooperation and a strategic environment that balances conserving wildlife with stakeholder needs for economic growth and local, national, and regional stability. This paper explores innovative and integrated ways in mitigating the complexity of the wildlife crime problem. The approach is problem focused as opposed to discipline focused or organisation-centric. The paper also discusses the lessons learnt and the resulting preliminary set of “principles”: inclusivity of actors, different ways of being and knowing as ways of addressing fragmentation; foresight; governance, as dynamic problem solving to build capabilities; and the transforming organisational narratives as part of implementing new strategies. These “principles” form the basis of the whole-of-society approach in dealing with complexity and can be applied in future interventions that concentrate on combining operational and scientific expertise with local knowledge, through participatory learning and governance.

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Mapping Community Vulnerability to Poaching: A Whole-of-Society Approach

Cited by 2 publications

References 8 publications

Using GIS and cartography as part of the whole-of-society approach to determine coercion into marine wildlife poaching and piracy

Using GIS and cartography as part of the whole-of-society approach to determine coercion into marine wildlife poaching and piracy

A Whole-of-Society Approach to Wildlife Crime in South Africa

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