Mapping Electrical Impedance Spectra of the Healthy Oral Mucosa: a Pilot Study

Abstract

Adresa za dopisivanje izv. prof. dr. sc. Vlaho Brailo Stomatološki fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu Zavod za oralnu medicinu Gundulićeva 5, 10 000 Zagreb brailo@sfzg.hr Sažetak Svrha ispitivanja: Bioimpedancija je otpor prolasku električne struje kroz tkivo i ovisi o njegovoj strukturi i kemijskom sastavu. Svrha istraživanja bila je mapirati bioimpedancijske spektre za svaku regiju usne šupljine. Ispitanici i postupci: U mjerenju bioimpedancije sudjelovalo je tridesetero ispitanika s urednim nalazom oralne sluznice, a obavljalo se na 14 lokalizacija u usnoj šupljini s lijeve i desne strane te je ponovljeno nakon sedam i četrnaest dana. Rezultati: Najniže vrijednosti izmjerene su na dorzumu jezika, a najviše na tvrdom nepcu. Nije ustanovljena statistički značajna razlika između mjerenja na lijevoj i desnoj strani. Statistički značajno više vrijednosti izmjerene su ženama na sluznici gornje usne, dorzumu jezika i na ventralnom dijelu jezika. Utvrđena je statistički značajna razlika između nepušača i pušača na sluznici donje usne i sluznici dna usne šuplji-ne. Vrijednosti bioimpedancije bile su u negativnoj korelaciji s količinom sline na sluznici gornje usne, na tvrdom nepcu, dorzumu jezika i na podjezičnoj sluznici. Mjerenja pri niskim frekvencijama imala su veću varijabilnost. Zaključak: Vrijednosti bioimpedancije najčešće ovise o stupnju keratinizacije sluznice. Na njihove vrijednosti vjerojatno utječu demografski i klinički čimbenici, što je potrebno razjasniti u daljnjim studijama s većim brojem ispitanika. Ključne riječi električna impedancija, oralna sluznicaZavod za oralnu medicinu Stomatološkog fakulteta Sveučilišta

Concentric Ring Probe for Bioimpedance Spectroscopic Measurements: Design and Ex Vivo Feasibility Testing on Pork Oral Tissues

“…On the other hand, it has been reported by researchers that there is a relationship between the probe size and the applied loading, such that a wider electrode is independent of the applied loading effect whereas for a smaller probe it is necessary to apply a uniform loading [ 23 ]. Our probe is about 9 mm in diameter, and thus we standardized our measurement protocol to avoid artifacts and maximize the reproducibility of the obtained results [ 13 ] by systematically choosing the most consistent loading weight (200 g) for all of the biological samples. On the other hand, because the low frequencies seemed to also be interesting, 4-terminal probe might be well useful, and should be investigated in the future.…”

“…Therefore, further studies are warranted to clarify the potential of our measurement approach to distinguish different ex vivo and in vivo tissues, also considering tissues with specific pathological (cancerous) tissue alterations. It is evident that demographic and clinical factors such as gender, smoking [ 37 ] and salivary flow [ 13 ] probably affect bioimpedance results, and they need to be clarified in further studies. When considering in vivo measurements in the oral cavity, more standardized measurements are needed [ 13 ] and a new sensor design is required.…”

“…A concentric ring probe was designed based on the previously introduced principles by Ollmar (1991) [ 5 ] and Richter et al (2015) [ 13 ]. It was originally designed for oral tissue biopsy measurements (the intraoral mucosal sample is 8 mm in its diameter).…”

“…The utilization of BIS has recently been built up in dentistry using diverse pinnacle locators for the root trench length assurance [ 12 ]. However, the potential of employing BIS for the diagnostics of oral mucosal diseases has not been studied in depth [ 13 ]. Biological tissues (cells, intra- and extra-cellular space, matrices) contain components having both resistive and capacitive properties, resulting in a complex electrical impedance when a low-intensity electric current is applied to the tissue [ 14 ].…”

Use of Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy for Intraoperative Tissue Differentiation During Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery

“…EIS can detect changes in the shape and structure of the cells within the tissue [1][2][3]. This property has been used to aid the early detection of cervical cancer [1,2,4] and is being explored in the oral cavity to detect oral cancer and its potential use in detection of multiple sclerosis [5][6][7]. Other early studies have investigated its ability to identify cancer in prostate, bladder and breast tissues [8][9][10][11][12][13][14].…”