Mapping humidity-dependent mechanical properties of a single cellulose fibre

Auernhammer, Julia; Keil, Tom; Lin, Binbin; Schäfer, Jan-Lukas; Xu, Bai‐Xiang; Biesalski, Markus; Stark, Robert W.

doi:10.1007/s10570-021-04058-4

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…To correct these flaws, AFM was used in conjunction with a colloidal probe to mechanically map a fiber over its length, allowing it to produce a good link between stress and strain, i.e., the generation of stress–strain curves along the fibers. Later, confocal laser scanning microscopy was also used to map local changes in effective fiber radius (measuring area for correlating stress to strain) . Results show indeed variations in mechanical properties across a single strand of CNCs.…”

Section: Application Of Afm On Cncmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Later, confocal laser scanning microscopy was also used to map local changes in effective fiber radius (measuring area for correlating stress to strain). 202 Results show indeed variations in mechanical properties across a single strand of CNCs. AFM may also be used to investigate surface changes in CNCs, which will be discussed in the following section.…”

Section: Acs Foodmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cellulose Nanocrystals Examined by Atomic Force Microscopy: Applications and Fundamentals

Moud

2022

ACS Food Sci. Technol.

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Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are nanoscale particles with huge surface areas, excellent mechanical properties, and the ability to develop tunable surface chemistry, thus allowing them to be mixed into a wide range of matrices. Using atomic force microscopy (AFM), we highlight recent developments in the microstructural characterization of CNC particles in various shapes at both particle and organization scales. Considering new uses for CNC suspensions and gels and given the considerable potential of CNC-based products in medicinal, energy, cosmetics, filtration, and food applications, leveraging existing state-of-the-art characterization technologies such as AFM to improve CNC-produced properties cannot be ruled out. AFM may be used as a probe to disclose more intimate information about CNCs and can show modulus, size, and morphology in comparison to other characterization tools. AFM based on the literature review here was found to be a good assessment tool to verify the state of interaction, the adhesion strength of certain particles or chemicals, and the mechanical properties of CNCs. Thus, in tandem with other technologically advanced characterization tools, knowledge provided here for proper assessment of CNCs is necessary. Based on the AFM application currently widespread on CNCs, it appears that more research efforts are needed to provide additional cues regarding CNC individual states or the organized state (isotropic or liquid crystalline) for future sustainable, ecofriendly product designs based on CNCs.

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Section: Application Of Afm On Cncmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Acs Foodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellulose Nanocrystals Examined by Atomic Force Microscopy: Applications and Fundamentals

Moud

2022

ACS Food Sci. Technol.

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Humidity influence on mechanics of paper materials: joint numerical and experimental study on fiber and fiber network scale

et al. 2021

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Paper materials are well-known to be hydrophilic unless chemical and mechanical processing treatments are undertaken. The relative humidity impacts the fiber elasticity, the interfiber joint behavior and the failure mechanism. In this work, we present a comprehensive experimental and computational study on mechanical properties of the fiber and the fiber network under humidity influence. The manually extracted cellulose fiber is exposed to different levels of humidity, and then mechanically characterized using atomic force microscopy, which delivers the humidity dependent longitudinal Young’s modulus. We describe the relation and calibrate the data into an exponential function, and the obtained relationship allows calculation of fiber elastic modulus at any humidity level. Moreover, by using confoncal laser scanning microscopy, the coefficient of hygroscopic expansion of the fibers is determined. We further present a finite element model to simulate the deformation and the failure of the fiber network. The model includes the fiber anisotropy and the hygroscopic expansion using the experimentally determined constants, and further considers interfiber behavior and debonding by using a humidity dependent cohesive zone interface model. Simulations on exemplary fiber network samples are performed to demonstrate the influence of different aspects including relative humidity and fiber-fiber bonding parameters on the mechanical features, such as force-elongation curve, strength and extensibility. Finally, we provide computational insights for interfiber bond damage pattern with respect to different humidity level as further outlook.

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Nanomechanical subsurface characterisation of cellulosic fibres

et al. 2022

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The mechanical properties of single fibres are highly important in the paper production process to produce and adjust properties for the favoured fields of application. The description of mechanical properties is usually characterised via linearized assumptions and is not resolved locally or spatially in three dimensions. In tensile tests or nanoindentation experiments on cellulosic fibres, only mechanical parameter for the whole fibre, such as elastic modulus or hardness, is usually obtained. To obtain a more detailed mechanical picture of the fibre, it is crucial to determine mechanical properties in depth. To this end, we discuss an atomic force microscopy-based approach to examine stepwise the local stiffness as a function of indentation depth via static force-distance curves. To our knowledge, we are the first authors to apply this method cellulosic fibres. The method was applied to linter fibres (extracted from a finished paper sheet) as well as to natural raw cotton fibres to better understand the influence of the pulp treatment process in paper production on the mechanical properties. Both types of fibres were characterised in dry and wet conditions with respect to alterations in their mechanical properties. The used stepwise analysis method of the force-distance curves allowed subsurface imaging of the fibres. It could be revealed how the walls in the fibre structure protects the fibre against mechanical loading. Via a combined 3D display of the mapped topography and the fitted elastic moduli in z-direction, a spatially resolved mechanical map of the fibre interior near the surface could be established. Additionally, we labelled the fibres with different carbohydrate binding modules tagged with fluorescent proteins to compare the AFM results with fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy imaging. Nanomechanical subsurface imaging in combination with fluorescent protein labelling is thus a tool to better understand the mechanical behaviour of cellulosic fibres, which have a complex, hierarchical structure. Graphical abstract

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Mapping humidity-dependent mechanical properties of a single cellulose fibre

Cited by 4 publications

References 49 publications

Cellulose Nanocrystals Examined by Atomic Force Microscopy: Applications and Fundamentals

Cellulose Nanocrystals Examined by Atomic Force Microscopy: Applications and Fundamentals

Humidity influence on mechanics of paper materials: joint numerical and experimental study on fiber and fiber network scale

Nanomechanical subsurface characterisation of cellulosic fibres

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