Mapping Local Climate Zones: A Bibliometric Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

Sida, Jiang; Fan, Huimin; Zhan, Wang; Bechtel, Benjamin; Liu, Zihan; Demuzere, Matthias; Huang, Yuan; Xu, Yong; Quan, Jinling; Xia, Wanjun; Ma, Lei; Hong, Falu; Jiang, Lu; Lai, Jiameng; Wang, Chenguang; Kong, Fanrong; Du, Huilin; Miao, Shiqi; Chen, Yangyi; Zhang, Xian-Ran

doi:10.31219/osf.io/c2bez

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 110 publications

(228 reference statements)

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“…The body of literature using the LCZ concept is fast growing (Demuzere et al, 2021), highlighting the applicability of the concept in UHI studies and showing that different LCZs possess different air temperature regimes (see, e.g., Alexander and Mills, 2014;Fenner et al, 2014;Stewart et al, 2014;Skarbit et al, 2017;Beck et al, 2018a;Verdonck et al, 2018;Milošević et al, 2021). Despite the fact that a microscale temperature heterogeneity can still be observed within the same LCZs or neighborhoods (Ellis et al, 2015;Leconte et al, 2015;Quanz et al, 2018;Shi et al, 2018;Pacifici et al, 2019), the LCZ system is widely acknowledged as a global standard for urban temperature studies (Stewart and Oke, 2012;Jiang et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying Local and Mesoscale Drivers of the Urban Heat Island of Moscow with Reference and Crowdsourced Observations

Varentsov

Fenner

Meier

et al. 2021

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Urban climate features, such as the urban heat island (UHI), are determined by various factors characterizing the modifications of the surface by the built environment and human activity. These factors are often attributed to the local spatial scale (hundreds of meters up to several kilometers). Nowadays, more and more urban climate studies utilize the concept of the local climate zones (LCZs) as a proxy for urban climate heterogeneity. However, for modern megacities that extend to dozens of kilometers, it is reasonable to suggest a significant contribution of the larger-scale factors to the temperature and UHI climatology. In this study, we investigate the contribution of local-scale and mesoscale driving factors of the nocturnal canopy layer UHI of the Moscow megacity in Russia. The study is based on air temperature observations from a dense network consisting of around 80 reference and more than 1,500 crowdsourced citizen weather stations for a summer and a winter season. For the crowdsourcing data, an advanced quality control algorithm is proposed. Based on both types of data, we show that the spatial patterns of the UHI are shaped both by local-scale and mesoscale driving factors. The local drivers represent the surface features in the vicinity of a few hundred meters and can be described by the LCZ concept. The mesoscale drivers represent the influence of the surrounding urban areas in the vicinity of 2–20 km around a station, transformed by diffusion, and advection in the atmospheric boundary layer. The contribution of the mesoscale drivers is reflected in air temperature differences between similar LCZs in different parts of the megacity and in a dependence between the UHI intensity and the distance from the city center. Using high-resolution city-descriptive parameters and different statistical analysis, we quantified the contributions of the local- and mesoscale driving factors. For selected cases with a pronounced nocturnal UHI, their respective contributions are of similar magnitude. Our findings highlight the importance of taking both local- and mesoscale effects in urban climate studies for megacities into account. Furthermore, they underscore a need for an extension of the LCZ concept to take mesoscale settings of the urban environment into account.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying Local and Mesoscale Drivers of the Urban Heat Island of Moscow with Reference and Crowdsourced Observations

Varentsov

Fenner

Meier

et al. 2021

Front. Environ. Sci.

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“…Due to these advantages, applications of the LCZ concept have become increasingly common [31][32][33][34] . In 2015, the World Urban Database and Access Portal Tools [WUDAPT] project initiated a community-based effort to collect global LCZ training data and proposed a straightforward LCZ mapping workflow that relies on freely available remote sensing data, crowdsourced training areas, and open software for supervised LCZ classification 35,36 .…”

Section: Background and Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping urban form into local climate zones for the continental US from 1986–2020

Qi,

Xu,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Sci Data

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Urbanization has altered land surface properties driving changes in micro-climates. Urban form influences people’s activities, environmental exposures, and health. Developing detailed and unified longitudinal measures of urban form is essential to quantify these relationships. Local Climate Zones [LCZ] are a culturally-neutral urban form classification scheme. To date, longitudinal LCZ maps at large scales (i.e., national, continental, or global) are not available. We developed an approach to map LCZs for the continental US from 1986 to 2020 at 100 m spatial resolution. We developed lightweight contextual random forest models using a hybrid model development pipeline that leveraged crowdsourced and expert labeling and cloud-enabled modeling – an approach that could be generalized to other countries and continents. Our model achieved good performance: 0.76 overall accuracy (0.55–0.96 class-wise F1 scores). To our knowledge, this is the first high-resolution, longitudinal LCZ map for the continental US. Our work may be useful for a variety of fields including earth system science, urban planning, and public health.

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An assessment of WRF-urban schemes in simulating local meteorology for heat stress analysis in a tropical sub-Saharan African city, Lagos, Nigeria

Obe,

Morakinyo,

Mills

2024

Int J Biometeorol

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Megacities, such as Lagos, Nigeria, face significant challenges due to rapid urbanization and climate change, resulting in a higher intensity of the urban heat island effect, coupled with high population density, making the city fall under the category of moderate to high heat stress/risk. Despite this, very few studies have analyzed the urban impact on heat stress over the coastal city, albeit with poor resolution data. In this study, we assessed the performance of an integrated high-resolution WRF-urban scheme driven by the readily available urban canopy information of the local climate zone (LCZ) to simulate local meteorological data for analyzing the spatiotemporal pattern of heat stress over the megacity. Our results show that the WRF-BEP scheme outperformed the other evaluated urban schemes, reducing the normalized root mean squared error by 25%. Furthermore, using humidex, we found a generally high incidence of intense discomfort in highly urbanized areas and noted the significant influence of urban morphology on the pattern of heat stress, particularly at night due to the combined effect of urban warming and higher relative humidity. The most socioeconomically disadvantaged urban areas, LCZ7, were most affected, with “hot” heat stress conditions observed over 90% of the time. However, during the afternoon, we found reduced heat stress in the core urban areas which might be due to the shading effect and/or cold air advection. Our findings would be relevant in the development of the urgently needed climate/heat adaptation plans for the city and other sub-Saharan African cities.

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Mapping Local Climate Zones: A Bibliometric Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

Cited by 6 publications

References 110 publications

Quantifying Local and Mesoscale Drivers of the Urban Heat Island of Moscow with Reference and Crowdsourced Observations

Quantifying Local and Mesoscale Drivers of the Urban Heat Island of Moscow with Reference and Crowdsourced Observations

Mapping urban form into local climate zones for the continental US from 1986–2020

An assessment of WRF-urban schemes in simulating local meteorology for heat stress analysis in a tropical sub-Saharan African city, Lagos, Nigeria

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