Mapping maize chlorotic mottle virus tolerance loci in the Maize 282 Association Panel

Ohlson, Erik W.; Redinbaugh, Peg; Jones, Mark W.

doi:10.1002/csc2.20762

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 106 publications

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“…This is not surprising given the limited diversity of MCMV isolates, which exhibit just 1-4% nucleotide divergence globally [12]. Seed transmission was not observed among CML333 seed at full maturity from either location, possibly due to the presence of MCMV tolerance in this line [48]. However, due to the low transmission frequency detected among all five seed lots, it is difficult to conclude that MCMV tolerant germplasm impacts seed transmission frequency.…”

Section: Transmission Of MCMV Through Seedmentioning

confidence: 94%

Transmission, localization, and infectivity of seedborne maize chlorotic mottle virus

et al. 2023

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Maize lethal necrosis is a destructive virus disease of maize caused by maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) in combination with a virus in the family Potyviridae. Emergence of MLN is typically associated with the introduction of MCMV or its vectors and understanding its spread through seed is critical for disease management. Previous studies suggest that although MCMV is detected on seed, the seed transmission rate of this virus is low. However, mechanisms influencing its transmission are poorly understood. Elucidating these mechanisms is crucial for informing strategies to prevent spread on contaminated seed. In this study, we evaluated the rate of MCMV seed transmission using seed collected from plants that were artificially inoculated with MCMV isolates from Hawaii and Kenya. Grow-out tests indicated that MCMV transmission through seed was rare, with a rate of 0.004% among the more than 85,000 seed evaluated, despite detection of MCMV at high levels in the seed lots. To understand factors that limit transmission from seed, MCMV distribution in seed tissues was examined using serology and immunolocalization. The virus was present at high levels in maternal tissues, the pericarp and pedicel, but absent from filial endosperm and embryo seed tissues. The ability to transmit MCMV from seed to uninfected plants was tested to evaluate virus viability. Transmission was negatively associated with both seed maturity and moisture content. Transmission of MCMV from infested seed dried to less than 15% moisture was not detected, suggesting proper handling could be important for minimizing spread of MCMV through seed.

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Section: Transmission Of MCMV Through Seedmentioning

confidence: 94%

Transmission, localization, and infectivity of seedborne maize chlorotic mottle virus

et al. 2023

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Effects of Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus and Potyvirus Resistance on Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease

Gentzel,

Paul,

Wang

et al. 2024

Phytopathology®

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Maize lethal necrosis (MLN) is a viral disease caused by host co-infection by maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) and a potyvirus, such as sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV). The disease is most effectively managed by growing MLN-resistant varieties. However, the relative importance of MCMV and potyvirus resistance in managing this synergistic disease is poorly characterized. In this study, we evaluated the effects of SCMV and/or MCMV resistance on disease, virus titers, and synergism and explored expression patterns of known potyvirus resistance genes TrxH and ABP1. MLN disease was significantly lower in both the MCMV-resistant and SCMV-resistant inbred lines compared with the susceptible control Oh28. Prior to 14 days postinoculation (dpi), MCMV titers in resistant lines N211 and KS23-6 were more than 100,000-fold lower than found in the susceptible Oh28. However, despite no visible symptoms, titer differences between MCMV-resistant and -susceptible lines were negligible by 14 dpi. In contrast, systemic SCMV titers in the potyvirus-resistant line, Pa405, ranged from 130,000-fold to 2 million-fold lower than susceptible Oh28 as disease progressed. Initial TrxH expression was up to 49,000-fold lower in Oh28 compared with other genotypes, whereas expression of ABP1 was up to 4.5-fold lower. Measures of virus synergy indicate that whereas MCMV resistance is effective in early infection, strong potyvirus resistance is critical for reducing synergist effects of co-infection on MCMV titer. These results emphasize the importance of both potyvirus resistance and MCMV resistance in an effective breeding program for MLN management.

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Characterization of three resistance-breaking isolates of sugarcane mosaic virus from Rwanda and implications for maize lethal necrosis

Wilson,

Willie,

Stewart

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Maize lethal necrosis (MLN) is a devastating disease of maize caused by synergy between two viruses: maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) and a potyvirus, most often sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV). Throughout the 2010s, severe MLN outbreaks occurred in sub-Saharan East Africa including Kenya, Rwanda, and Ethiopia. In this study, we assessed the virulence of SCMV isolates collected from Rwanda by screening a panel of maize near isogenic lines containing different combinations of major potyvirus resistance loci. We discovered that the three Rwandan SCMV isolates tested could overcome all three potyvirus resistance loci even when used in combination, including one isolate that could asymptomatically infect all resistant lines tested. To understand how SCMV virulence may contribute to MLN, each of the three isolates were co-inoculated with MCMV on a panel of SCMV and MCMV resistant maize lines. No significant differences in MLN severity were observed for the Rwandan isolates compared to the reference SCMV isolates, indicating that increased virulence in SCMV single infection does not necessarily correlate with increased MLN severity in co-infection with MCMV. For all SCMV isolates tested, at least two potyvirus resistance loci were needed to reduce MLN severity, and maize lines with a combination of SCMV and MCMV resistance were most effective. Surprisingly, in some cases co-infection with MCMV facilitated SCMV infection of potyvirus resistant lines that SCMV could not infect alone. These results underscore the challenges of developing durable MLN resistance and highlight the importance of incorporating strong, multigenic potyvirus resistance into MLN resistance breeding programs.

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Mapping maize chlorotic mottle virus tolerance loci in the Maize 282 Association Panel

Cited by 5 publications

References 106 publications

Transmission, localization, and infectivity of seedborne maize chlorotic mottle virus

Transmission, localization, and infectivity of seedborne maize chlorotic mottle virus

Effects of Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus and Potyvirus Resistance on Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease

Characterization of three resistance-breaking isolates of sugarcane mosaic virus from Rwanda and implications for maize lethal necrosis

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