Mapping modern CO2 fluxes and mantle carbon content all along the mid-ocean ridge system

Chavrit, D.; Humler, E.; Grasset, O.

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2013.11.036

Cited by 40 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Our CO 2 flux is higher than the global estimates from vesicularity (6.5±1.8 to 8.7±2.8 × 10 11 mol yr −1 (ref. 3)), and is slightly lower than those from a global MORB glass compilation (2.8±0.4 × 10 12 mol yr −1 (ref. 13)).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…(ref. 3)). The discrepancies between models show that these values are highly sensitive to which value of Rb, Ba or Nb, and which melting model is used13.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The carbon content of undegassed mid-oceanic ridge basalts (MORB) and of the upper mantle has been an ongoing debate for several decades123456789. Carbon is a volatile element that plays a key role in major geodynamical processes such as mantle melting and volcanic degassing.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of its very low solubility10, magmatic degassing depletes carbon in the melt during ascent and eruption, which prevents direct measurements of the original carbon content of most basaltic melts formed in equilibrium with the mantle source. Previous studies have used indirect approaches to correct for degassing, such as isotopic fractionation models, vesicle size distribution or the composition of the gas trapped in vesicles235. Our knowledge of mantle carbon is best constrained by direct measurements of only two undegassed samples: the popping rock 2πD43 (ref.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Heterogeneity in mantle carbon content from CO2-undersaturated basalts

et al. 2017

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The amount of carbon present in Earth's mantle affects the dynamics of melting, volcanic eruption style and the evolution of Earth's atmosphere via planetary outgassing. Mantle carbon concentrations are difficult to quantify because most magmas are strongly degassed upon eruption. Here we report undegassed carbon concentrations from a new set of olivine-hosted melt inclusions from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. We use the correlations of CO2 with trace elements to define an average carbon abundance for the upper mantle. Our results indicate that the upper mantle carbon content is highly heterogeneous, varying by almost two orders of magnitude globally, with the potential to produce large geographic variations in melt fraction below the volatile-free solidus. Such heterogeneity will manifest as variations in the depths at which melt becomes interconnected and detectable, the CO2 fluxes at mid-ocean ridges, the depth of the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary, and mantle conductivity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…(ref. 3)). The discrepancies between models show that these values are highly sensitive to which value of Rb, Ba or Nb, and which melting model is used13.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Heterogeneity in mantle carbon content from CO2-undersaturated basalts

et al. 2017

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“…Modern estimates of volcanic emission of CO 2 range between 6 and 14 PgC/kyr for mid oceanic ridges alone (Chavrit et al, 2014) and 44 PgC/kyr for mid-oceanic ridges plus volcanic arcs (Coltice et al, 2004). Estimated emissions on geological timescales are notably higher, ranging from 40 to 150 PgC/kyr (Sundquist and Visser, 2003;Burton et al, 2013), consistent with relatively quiet volcanic activity during the late Holocene (Gerlach, 2011).…”

Section: Geological Co 2 Emissions 20mentioning

confidence: 96%

Carbon burial in deep-sea sediment and implications for oceanic inventories of carbon and alkalinity over the last glacial cycle

Cartapanis¹,

Galbraith²,

Bianchi³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract. Although long assumed that the glacial-interglacial cycles of atmospheric CO 2 occurred despite a constant 'active' carbon inventory, there are signs that the geological CO 2 supply rates varied. However, changes of the carbon inventory cannot be assessed without constraining the removal rates from the system, which mainly occurs in marine sediments. Here, 15we present the first global reconstruction of carbon and alkalinity burial in deep-sea sediments over the last glacial cycle.Although subject to large uncertainties, the reconstruction provides a first order constraint on changes in carbon and alkalinity inventories over the last glacial cycle. The results suggest that reduced burial of carbonate in the Atlantic Ocean was not entirely compensated by the increased burial in the Pacific basin during the last glacial period. The burial-driven inventory variations are likely to have significantly altered the δ 13 C of the ocean-atmosphere carbon, as well as the DIC and 20 alkalinity budget, confirming that the active carbon inventory was a dynamic, interactive component of the glacial cycles.Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi

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The effect of primary versus secondary processes on the volatile content of MORB glasses: An example from the equatorial Mid‐Atlantic Ridge (5°N–3°S)

et al. 2015

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We report microanalysis of volatile and trace element compositions, as well as Fe 3+ /ΣFe ratios, from 45 basaltic glasses from cruise RC2806 along the equatorial Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The along-strike variations in volatiles result from the complex geodynamical setting of the area, including numerous transform faults, variations in ridge depth, melting degree, and source composition. The strongest gradient is centered on 1.7°N and encompasses an increase of H 2 O, Cl, and F contents as well as high F/Zr ratio spatially coincident with radiogenic isotope anomalies. We interpret these variations as source enrichment due to the influence of the nearby high-μ-type Sierra Leone plume. South of the St. Paul fracture zone, H 2 O and F contents, as well as H 2 O/Ce and F/Zr ratios, decrease progressively. This gradient in volatiles is consistent with progressive dilution of an enriched component in a heterogeneous mantle due to the progressive increase in the degree of melting. These two large-scale gradients are interrupted by small-scale anomalies in volatile contents attributed to (1) low-degree melts preferentially sampling enriched heterogeneities near transform faults and (2) local assimilation of hydrothermal fluids in four samples from dredge 16D. Finally, 20 RC2806 samples described as "popping rocks" during collection do not show any difference in volatile content dissolved in the glass or in vesicularity when compared to the RC2806 "nonpopping" samples. Our observations lead us to question the interpretation of the CO 2 content in the highly vesicular 2πD43 "popping rock" as being representative of the CO 2 content of undegassed mid-ocean ridge basalt.

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Mapping modern CO2 fluxes and mantle carbon content all along the mid-ocean ridge system

Cited by 40 publications

References 48 publications

Heterogeneity in mantle carbon content from CO2-undersaturated basalts

Heterogeneity in mantle carbon content from CO2-undersaturated basalts

Carbon burial in deep-sea sediment and implications for oceanic inventories of carbon and alkalinity over the last glacial cycle

The effect of primary versus secondary processes on the volatile content of MORB glasses: An example from the equatorial Mid‐Atlantic Ridge (5°N–3°S)

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