Mapping of Flood Susceptibility in Campina Grande County - Pb: A Spatial Multicriteria Approach

Abstract

The social and economic impacts caused by floods in urban areas are diverse and increase as the land becomes gradually impervious. Due to the increasing urbanization of cities, it is necessary to implement a better planning process and optimize the urban spaces management and occupation. Thus, the government needs to gather reliable and useful data for the decision-making process. Therefore, the GIS plays an important role among urban planning instruments. Given the current situation in Campina Grande County, Paraiba State, Brazil - an area continually facing disturbances caused by occasional and concentrated rainfalls - the current study aims to map the areas seen as the most susceptible to floods, by using a MCDA GIS-based model (Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis). There are five quantitative criteria considered in the analysis: slope, altitude, roads with drainage infrastructure, distance from water bodies and land use. It is a pixel by pixel analysis based on predetermined assumptions. Fuzzy functions were developed and overlay operations were performed. The results were consistent with historical records and with previous studies about the county, thus adding reliability to the model, which can be considered a potential management instrument for the case study area, as well as for cities facing similar issues.

Land-Use and Legislation-Based Methodology for the Implementation of Sustainable Drainage Systems in the Semi-Arid Region of Brazil

“…Land-use mixed-catchments of Campina Grande were chosen as the application of the described methodology ( Figure 2). This area was described as mostly urbanised and as highly susceptible to floods according to multi-criteria analysis in previous research [41]. The findings are described by flood volume and percentage of blocks that returned to the previous condition (before the rain event).…”

“…Despite the availability of these state and municipality policies, the city is exposed to flash floods during the rainy periods mainly due to concentrated and extreme rainfall events [41,42]. The ill-planned urban growth brings several impacts to the hydrological cycle in urban environments such as an increased surface runoff volume.…”

“…The ill-planned urban growth brings several impacts to the hydrological cycle in urban environments such as an increased surface runoff volume. Research studies [41][42][43][44] have described the current urban drainage situation of Campina Grande, which includes issues of design, cleaning, and maintenance of drainage elements such as channels and manholes, as well as high urbanisation rates and a lack of planning. These facts make some areas often susceptible to flooding and also corroborate the need for implementing measures to mitigate the flooding effects.…”

Seleção de Áreas Prioritárias para Instalação de Medidas de Desenvolvimento Urbano de Baixo Impacto: O Caso do Bairro de Bodocongó em Campina Grande, PB

“…O presente artigo é composto por três etapas: (i) a primeira etapa consistiu na pesquisa e coleta de dados sobre o bairro de Bodocongó, onde obteve-se informações sobre a população residente, por meio da Grade Estatística (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística 2010) e áreas mais susceptíveis a inundações, através dos estudos de Alves et al (2018); (ii) a segunda etapa utilizou o mapa de inundações e a densidade populacional para identificar áreas prioritárias para instalação de medidas de LID; (iii) a terceira etapa teve como intuito estabelecer critérios técnicos para aplicação das tecnologias LID nessas áreas.…”

“…O município de Campina Grande, assim como muitas cidades brasileiras, sofre continuamente com inundações e alagamentos (Rufino, Santos & Tsuyuguchi 2015). Estudos de Alves et al (2018), Tsuyuguchi (2015), Nóbrega (2012) e o Plano Municipal de Saneamento Básico (PMSB) constataram que a cidade apresenta trechos críticos em épocas de grandes precipitações. Ademais, o PMSB também mostra ineficiência quanto à manutenção e qualidade do sistema, com muitos trechos dos canais apresentando paredes danificadas, contribuições irregulares de esgotos e resíduos sólidos.…”