Mapping of gluten T-cell epitopes in the bread wheat ancestors: Implications for celiac disease

Molberg, Øyvind; Uhlen, Anne Kjersti; Jensen, Tore; Flaete, Nina Solheim; Fleckenstein, Burkhard; Arentz‐Hansen, Helene; Ráki, Melinda; Lundin, Knut E.A.; Sollid, Ludvig M.

doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2004.11.003

Cited by 247 publications

(202 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The process was accompanied by enrichment of gluten content in the wheat. In fact, multiple recent studies documented the increased CD epitopes along the process of gluten gene enrichment in the passage of ancient diploid to modern tetraploid and hexaploid wheat species [46,47,48,49]. Today, gluten proteins comprise gliadins and glutenins, which are present in approximately equal amounts and form 80% of the total storage protein content in the wheat kernel.…”

Section: Increase In Gluten Wheat Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multiple recent studies documented the increased CD epitopes along the process of gluten gene enrichment in the passage of ancient diploid to modern tetraploid and hexaploid wheat species [46,47,49]. Once again, this is an additional gluten toxicity, adding to the actual torrid time for the GFD consumers.…”

Section: Increase In Cd-related T-cell Stimulatory Epitopes In Wheatmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gluten-free Diet - Tough Alley in Torrid Time

Lerner¹,

Tenbusch²

2017

IJCD

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Dietitians play a pivotal role in the education, follow-up and navigation of the gluten-free diet for patients affected by celiac disease. Since gluten withdrawal is the cornerstone of celiac disease therapy, and since various future therapeutic strategies, are not yet on the market, the patients relay heavily on the registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs) advice and service to cope with the gluten-free diet tough alley. Unfortunately, gluten withdrawal, nowadays, represent also a torrid time. The actual surge in incidence, wheat content, gluten intake, celiac disease-related T-cell stimulatory epitopes in wheat, usage in the processed food industries, nutritional deficiencies, changing phenotype and the fact that gluten is potentially detrimental to humankind health, make the RDNs role more complex, difficult and challenging. The present review expands on the gluten-free diet related tough alley in torrid time, which the registered dietitian nutritionists are facing when dealing with gluten-sensitive patients.

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Section: Increase In Gluten Wheat Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Increase In Cd-related T-cell Stimulatory Epitopes In Wheatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gluten-free Diet - Tough Alley in Torrid Time

Lerner¹,

Tenbusch²

2017

IJCD

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“…One of the most studied immunogenic peptides, the 33-mer LQLQPFPQPQLPYPQPQLPYPQPQLPYPQPQPF, has been demonstrated to be encoded by the 6D chromosome, thus being absent in diploid and tetraploid Triticum species. The lacking of genes encoding for some immunogenic sequences in diploid/tetraploid varieties has also found evidences in T-cell assays performed on gluten chymotryptic digests that gave different results among the species tested [19]. A lot of efforts have been made in the last years in the direction of decreasing wheat toxicity for celiac patients, for example, making use of ex vivo organ cultures and immunohistochemistry assays [20].…”

Section: Characterization Of the Peptides Deriving From Gluten Digestionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Celiac Disease: Gluten Peptides Characterization after In Vitro Digestion

Prandi¹

2017

Wheat Improvement, Management and Utilization

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Gluten proteins are characterized by the high glutamine and proline content; thus, during gluten digestion, several resistant peptides are produced. Some of them contain sequences that, in celiac patients, are able to trigger an immunological reaction. The prolamin fraction of different wheat samples was submitted to in vitro digestion, and the peptides generated were analysed using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry techniques. Several wheat varieties were analysed, showing large differences in the production of immunotoxic peptides on digestion. After simulated gastrointestinal digestion of wheat, emerged that peptides containing sequences known to elicit the adaptive immune response derived mainly from γ-gliadin, whereas peptides containing sequences involved in the innate immune response were distributed among α-gliadin and γ-gliadin and low-molecular-weight glutenins. From the results, no major differences due to the different cultivation places were observed. On the other hand, statistically significant differences are present among the genotypes tested, especially for the immunogenic peptides. The possible development would be the selection of wheat genotypes with reduced amount of immunogenic sequences, to reduce the exposure of people and decrease the risk of new cases of disease.

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“…Next to the quality-related issues, several studies have focused on the assessment of toxicity of wheat genome donors, such as Triticum monococcum (A m genome) and Aegilops tauschii (D) or Triticum urartu (A u ). Most of these studies investigated single protein families, such as alpha-or gamma-gliadins (Molberg et al 2005;van Herpen et al 2006). However, relatively little is known about the allergenic and toxic nature of wild wheat species, such as different Aegilops species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Celiac disease-specific prolamin peptide content of wheat relatives and wild species determined by ELISA assays and bioinformatics analyses

Gell¹,

Kovács²,

Molnár³

et al. 2015

Cereal Research Communications

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Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are widely used to determine gluten contamination in gluten-free and low gluten food samples. ELISA assays developed using monoclonal antibodies against known toxic peptides have an advantage in the identification of toxic prolamin content in protein extracts of different food samples, as well as raw materials. R5 and G12 monoclonal antibodies specific for two known toxic peptides used in commercially available gluten ELISA assays were applied to test toxic peptide contents in wheat relatives and wild wheat species with different genome composition and complexity. Although the R5 peptide content showed some correlation with ploidy levels in Triticum species, there was a high variance among Aegilops species. Some of the analysed diploid Aegilops species showed extremely high R5 peptide contents. Based on the bioinformatics analyses, the R5 peptide was present in most of the sulphur rich prolamins in all the analysed species, whereas the G12 epitope was exclusively present in alpha gliadins. High variation was detected in the position and frequency of epitopes in sequences originating from the same species, thus highlighting the importance of genotypic variation within species. Identification of new prolamin alleles of wheat relatives and wild wheat species is of great importance in order to find germplasm for special end-use quality purposes as well as development of food with reduced toxicity.

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Mapping of gluten T-cell epitopes in the bread wheat ancestors: Implications for celiac disease

Cited by 247 publications

References 26 publications

Gluten-free Diet - Tough Alley in Torrid Time

Gluten-free Diet - Tough Alley in Torrid Time

Celiac Disease: Gluten Peptides Characterization after In Vitro Digestion

Celiac disease-specific prolamin peptide content of wheat relatives and wild species determined by ELISA assays and bioinformatics analyses

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