Mapping of gray matter changes in schizophrenia

Wright, I. P.; Ellison, Zoe; Sharma, Tonmoy; Friston, Karl J.; Murray, Robin M.; McGuire, Philip

doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(97)82461-9

Cited by 60 publications

(89 citation statements)

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“…This effect remained significant after adjustment for the number of hospitalizations during the interval. The loss of brain tissue over time was localized in those brain areas that have been found to be affected in schizophrenia in cross-sectional neuroimaging Kubicki et al, 2002;Wright et al, 1999) as well as in post-mortem studies (Harrison, 1999). Indeed, the area where loss of gray matter density was most pronounced in our study (Brodmann area 9) is the same as was reported to be affected in earlier post-mortem studies (Selemon et al, 1995(Selemon et al, , 2003.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brain abnormalities have been hypothesized to be present in schizophrenia from the first delineation of the illness by Kraepelin, who postulated frontal-and temporal-lobe abnormalities to be central to the pathology of the disease (Kraepelin, 1919). Indeed, recent post-mortem (Selemon et al, 2003) as well as crosssectional region of interest and statistical parametric mapping studies Kubicki et al, 2002;Wright et al, 1999) have provided a considerable amount of evidence for brain volume abnormalities in frontal and temporal regions of the brain in schizophrenia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Focal Gray Matter Changes in Schizophrenia across the Course of the Illness: A 5-Year Follow-Up Study

Haren

Pol

Schnack

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

281

192

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Recent volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have suggested brain volume changes in schizophrenia to be progressive in nature. Whether this is a global process or some brain areas are more affected than others is not known. In a 5-year longitudinal study, MRI whole brain scans were obtained from 96 patients with schizophrenia and 113 matched healthy comparison subjects. Changes over time in focal gray and white matter were measured with voxel-based morphometry throughout the brain. Over the 5-year interval, excessive decreases in gray matter density were found in patients in the left superior frontal area (Brodmann areas 9/10), left superior temporal gyrus (Brodmann area 42), right caudate nucleus, and right thalamus as compared to healthy individuals. Excessive gray matter density decrease in the superior frontal gray matter was related to increased number of hospitalizations, whereas a higher cumulative dose of clozapine and olanzapine during the scan interval was related to lesser decreases in this area. In conclusion, gray matter density loss occurs across the course of the illness in schizophrenia, predominantly in left frontal and temporal cortices. Moreover, the progression in left frontal density loss appears to be related to an increased number of psychotic episodes, with atypical antipsychotic medication attenuating these changes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Focal Gray Matter Changes in Schizophrenia across the Course of the Illness: A 5-Year Follow-Up Study

Haren

Pol

Schnack

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

281

192

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Due to its complexity, the amygdala has been less studied however, studies implicating this structure have begun to emerge, 43 including recent imaging studies that have reported a decrease in gray matter density in the amygdala of schizophrenic patients. 44 While many studies have suggested that abnormalities in the cingulate cortex contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (for review see Tamminga et al 45 ), this has not been consistently supported in the literature 37,38,46 Given the heterogeneity of schizophrenia, it is possible that abnormalities in the cingulate cortex may accompany certain subtypes of the disease (that have yet to be identified). Carter et al 47 have reported that in vivo functional imaging abnormalities in anterior cingulate are associated with neuropsychologic deficits, including attention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in neuroanatomical sites of apoD elevation discriminate between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

et al. 2003

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We previously demonstrated that apolipoprotein D (apoD) levels are elevated in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and caudate obtained postmortem from subjects with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder compared to controls, suggesting a focal compensatory response to neuropathology associated with psychiatric disorders. We have now extended those studies by measuring apoD protein levels in additional brain regions from post-mortem samples of schizophrenic and bipolar disorder subjects using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Increased apoD levels were observed in the lateral prefrontal cortex (Brodmann Area 46) in both schizophrenia (46%) and bipolar disorder (111%), and in the orbitofrontal cortex (Brodmann Area 11) (44.3 and 37.9% for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, respectively). However, differences between the disease groups were observed in other brain regions. In subjects with schizophrenia, but not bipolar disorder, apoD levels were significantly elevated in the amygdala (42.8%) and thalamus (31.7%), while in bipolar disorder, but not schizophrenia, additional increases were detected in the parietal cortex (Brodmann Area 40; 123%) and the cingulate cortex (Brodmann Area 24; 57.7%). These data demonstrate that there is anatomical overlap in the pathophysiologies of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, as well as areas of pathology that distinguish the two disorders.

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“…A number of studies have already demonstrated structural brain differences among different patient populations using the technique of voxel-based morphometry (VBM) (Wright et al, 1995(Wright et al, , 1999VarghaKhadem et al, 1998;Shah et al, 1998;Krams et al, 1999;Abell et al, 1999;Woermann et al, 1999;Sowell et al, 1999;May et al, 1999). This paper summarizes, and introduces some advances to, existing methods and provides evaluations of its components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Voxel-Based Morphometry—The Methods

2000

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At its simplest, voxel-based morphometry (VBM) involves a voxel-wise comparison of the local concentration of gray matter between two groups of subjects. The procedure is relatively straightforward and involves spatially normalizing high-resolution images from all the subjects in the study into the same stereotactic space. This is followed by segmenting the gray matter from the spatially normalized images and smoothing the gray-matter segments. Voxel-wise parametric statistical tests which compare the smoothed gray-matter images from the two groups are performed. Corrections for multiple comparisons are made using the theory of Gaussian random fields. This paper describes the steps involved in VBM, with particular emphasis on segmenting gray matter from MR images with nonuniformity artifact. We provide evaluations of the assumptions that underpin the method, including the accuracy of the segmentation and the assumptions made about the statistical distribution of the data.

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Mapping of gray matter changes in schizophrenia

Cited by 60 publications

References 0 publications

Focal Gray Matter Changes in Schizophrenia across the Course of the Illness: A 5-Year Follow-Up Study

Focal Gray Matter Changes in Schizophrenia across the Course of the Illness: A 5-Year Follow-Up Study

Differences in neuroanatomical sites of apoD elevation discriminate between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

Voxel-Based Morphometry—The Methods

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