Our comprehensive study assessed the People's Palm Oil Replanting Program (PSR), also known as Program Peremajaan Sawit Rakyat, in West Aceh Regency, Indonesia. Employing qualitative research methods, this study conducted an in-depth interviews with various stakeholders, including smallholders, representatives from the Agricultural Department of West Aceh Regency, and members of cooperative palm oil plantation committees. In complementing the primary data, this study incorporated secondary information from authoritative sources such as Statistics Indonesia, The Indonesia Oil Palm Plantations Fund Management Agency (BPDPKS), and relevant publications. Evaluation of this study was framed within the analytical framework that Donald Van Metter and Carl Van Horn developed in 1975. This framework encompassed vital dimensions, including standards and objectives formulation, resource allocation, inter-organizational communication strategies, enforcement mechanisms, implementing agency characteristics, contextual economic, social, and political factors, and program administrators' disposition. Our findings revealed significant implementation challenges, including ineffective inter-organisational communication, a perceived lack of commitment among implementers, and a lack of transparency in resource allocation. These issues raised concerns about the program's overall effectiveness. However, this study also highlighted a positive impact: The PSR contributed to reducing poverty rates in West Aceh Regency, showcasing its potential to enhance local socio-economic conditions.