Mapping of Split‐Line Pattern and Cartilage Thickness of Selected Donor and Recipient Sites for Autologous Osteochondral Transplantation in the Canine Stifle Joint

Abstract

Adjusting for cartilage thickness and split-line pattern may improve long-term outcome after autologous osteochondral transplantation. But surface curvature and donor-site morbidity have to be considered as well when choosing the most suitable donor site.

Functional anatomy of the equine temporomandibular joint: Collagen fiber texture of the articular surfaces

“…The latter included mechanical tests (Woo et al, 1976;Roth and Mow, 1980) and computational modeling and finite element simulations (Li et al, 2009;Mononen et al, 2012), demonstrating that the direction of the split-lines is associated with biomechanical properties (Mononen et al, 2012). Furthermore, it is assumed that the main directions of joint movements are reflected by the split-line orientation (Bullough and Goodfellow, 1968;Goodwin et al, 2004;Leo et al, 2004;Böttcher et al, 2009).…”

A multi-scale finite element model for investigation of chondrocyte mechanics in normal and medial meniscectomy human knee joint during walking

“…The primary fibrils in the cartilage ECM possessed arcade-like depth-dependent and split-line orientations ( Fig. 1d) (Benninghoff, 1925;Bullough and Goodfellow, 1968;Böttcher et al, 2009;Mononen et al, 2012). In the femoral cartilage, zonal thicknesses (based on Benninghoff-type fibril orientations) were 12, 26 and 62% of the total cartilage thickness in the superficial, middle and deep zones, respectively (Julkunen et al, 2007).…”

Effect of superficial collagen patterns and fibrillation of femoral articular cartilage on knee joint mechanics—A 3D finite element analysis

“…After tissue deformation, the new fibril unit vector ( v ! new ) was calculated using deformation gradient tensor (F): (Below et al, 2002;Goodwin et al, 2004;Leo et al, 2004;Bottcher et al, 2009). Red circles indicate reference points that were used for calculating the split-line patterns.…”

“…(1) The split-lines of normal, intact femoral and tibial cartilages were obtained from the literature (Below et al, 2002;Goodwin et al, 2004;Leo et al, 2004;Bottcher et al, 2009). In the femoral cartilage, split-lines were aligned towards the middle point between the lateral and medial epicondyles of femur ( Fig.…”

“…In the superficial zone the fibrils are oriented parallel to the cartilage surface, in the middle zone the fibrils have a less organized random-appearing orientation, and in the deep zone the fibrils are oriented vertically to the cartilage surface (Benninghoff, 1925). In addition, cartilage surfaces exhibit specific fibril patterns in the plane parallel to the surface, this being indicated by the split-lines, which are believed to orient according to joint movements and principal stress directions, resisting effectively the loads exposed to cartilage (Bullough and Goodfellow, 1968;Below et al, 2002;Goodwin et al, 2004;Leo et al, 2004;Bottcher et al, 2009). The importance of the depth-dependent collagen architecture and split-lines on cartilage mechanics has been demonstrated by 2D finite element (FE) models at the tissue and joint level (Julkunen et al, 2008;Mononen et al, 2011) as well as in 3D in vitro simulations (Li et al, 2009).…”