Mapping piezoelectric nonlinearity in the Rayleigh regime using band excitation piezoresponse force microscopy

Griggio, Flavio; Jesse, Stephen; Kumar, Amit; Marincel, Daniel M.; Tinberg, D. S.; Kalinin, Sergei V.; Trolier-McKinstry, Susan

doi:10.1063/1.3593138

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The applied signal was chosen to minimize contribution from the tip-surface nonlinearities. 37 The vertical displacement as a function of electric field frequency and amplitude was then fit to a simple harmonic oscillator model. 38 The displacement at tip-surface resonance was used to calculate the local nonlinear response, a d =d 33;init , for a 125 Â 125 grid on an 8 Â 8 lm map.…”

Section: Furnace Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

A-site stoichiometry and piezoelectric response in thin film PbZr1−xTixO3

et al. 2015

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Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) films with Zr/Ti ratios of 52/48 and 30/70 annealed at varying partial pressures of PbO within the perovskite phase field exhibited permittivities of 1150 and 600, respectively, with loss tangents of 0.02. Many of the functional properties, including the permittivity, piezoelectricity as indicated via the Rayleigh coefficients, and the aging rates were found to be weakly dependent of the lead content in the single phase field. Minor polarization–electric field hysteresis loops and piezoelectric coefficient e31,f values after a hot poling process suggest that the point defect helps stabilize the aligned domain states. Measurements of the local nonlinear response show an increased low response cluster size with decreasing PbO content, indicating that PbO deficiency acts to reduce domain wall motion where it is already low.

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Section: Furnace Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

A-site stoichiometry and piezoelectric response in thin film PbZr1−xTixO3

et al. 2015

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“…Care was taken to ensure that the choice of excitation function was such that cantilever nonlinearities were kept to a minimum (Supporting Information S2). [ 37 ] Based on the data captured, we were able to discern three different types of behaviors (i.e., dependencies of the piezoresponse on V ac ) within this region, which are indicated as three separate colors in the fi tting plot in Figure 2 a. (Statistical details are provided in Supporting Information S3).…”

Section: Nanoscale Origins Of Nonlinear Behavior In Ferroic Thin Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoscale Origins of Nonlinear Behavior in Ferroic Thin Films

Vasudevan

Okatan

Chen

et al. 2012

Adv Funct Materials

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The nonlinear response of a ferroic to an applied field has been studied through the phenomenological Rayleigh Law for over a hundred years. Yet, despite this, the fundamental physical mechanisms at the nanoscale that lead to macroscopic Rayleigh behavior have remained largely elusive, and experimental evidence at small length scales is limited. Here, it is shown using a combination of scanning probe techniques and phase field modeling, that nanoscale piezoelectric response in prototypical Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 films appears to follow a distinctly non‐Rayleigh regime. Through statistical analysis, it is found that an averaging of local responses can lead directly to Rayleigh‐like behavior of the strain on a macroscale. Phase‐field modeling confirms the twist of the ferroelastic interface is key in enhancing piezoelectric response. The studies shed light on the nanoscale origins of nonlinear behavior in disordered ferroics.

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“…0 and response amplitude, it is possible to exclude the presence of surface cross talk or tip-surface junction nonlinearity. In the released area, the changes in resonance frequency were as high as 15 kHz and are not a result of dynamic nonlinearities [39], since no softening was observed in the standard deviation of the ! 0 ðV ac Þ map reported in Fig.…”

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Substrate Clamping Effects on Irreversible Domain Wall Dynamics in Lead Zirconate Titanate Thin Films

et al. 2012

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The role of long-range strain interactions on domain wall dynamics is explored through macroscopic and local measurements of nonlinear behavior in mechanically clamped and released polycrystalline lead zirconate-titanate (PZT) films. Released films show a dramatic change in the global dielectric nonlinearity and its frequency dependence as a function of mechanical clamping. Furthermore, we observe a transition from strong clustering of the nonlinear response for the clamped case to almost uniform nonlinearity for the released film. This behavior is ascribed to increased mobility of domain walls. These results suggest the dominant role of collective strain interactions mediated by the local and global mechanical boundary conditions on the domain wall dynamics. The work presented in this Letter demonstrates that measurements on clamped films may considerably underestimate the piezoelectric coefficients and coupling constants of released structures used in microelectromechanical systems, energy harvesting systems, and microrobots. Strain in epitaxial oxide films has become a universally recognized method for tuning materials properties [1][2][3], enabling novel couplings between magnetic, lattice, and strain behaviors [4][5][6], stabilizing new phases [7] or domain morphologies [8]. Systematic studies of a material's response to strain enable exploration of the fundamental mechanisms responsible for, e.g., the ferroelectric instability [9][10][11][12].While strain effects on intrinsic properties [9,12] and domain morphologies [13,14] are readily amenable to theoretical and experimental studies, their role on local and emergent properties [15] in disordered materials, including polycrystalline ferroelectric films and relaxors, remains virtually unexplored [16,17], Indeed, many of these materials exhibit unique physical properties including giant electromechanical coupling coefficients, broad dispersions of dielectric permittivity, etc. [18][19][20][21]. These phenomena are often associated with the presence of nanoscale textures of domains or nanoscale phase separation [22][23][24]. In all these materials, the dominant order parameter is either strain (ferroelastics) or is strongly coupled to strain (relaxors, morphotropic systems), suggesting the significant role of frustrated or random strain interactions [25][26][27]. Correspondingly, tuning mechanical boundary conditions can significantly affect emergent behaviors in disordered ferroics and provide insight into corresponding coupling mechanisms.Here, we aim to explore domain wall dynamics as reflected in ferroelectric nonlinearities in model PbZr 0:52 Ti 0:48 O 3 thin films. In polycrystalline lead zirconate-titanate (PZT) ceramics, domain wall motion may contribute more than 50% of the dielectric and piezoelectric properties at room temperature [23,28]. However, in thin films these extrinsic contributions to the piezoelectric response can be severely limited by several factors, including substrate clamping [29]. Recent spatially resolved studies of piezoelectri...

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Mapping piezoelectric nonlinearity in the Rayleigh regime using band excitation piezoresponse force microscopy

Abstract: Articles you may be interested inStrain-modulated piezoelectric and electrostrictive nonlinearity in ferroelectric thin films without active ferroelastic domain walls

Cited by 24 publications

References 14 publications

A-site stoichiometry and piezoelectric response in thin film PbZr1−xTixO3

A-site stoichiometry and piezoelectric response in thin film PbZr1−xTixO3

Nanoscale Origins of Nonlinear Behavior in Ferroic Thin Films

Substrate Clamping Effects on Irreversible Domain Wall Dynamics in Lead Zirconate Titanate Thin Films

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