Mapping QTLs for Breast Muscle Weight in an F2 Intercross between Native Japanese Nagoya and White Plymouth Rock Chicken Breeds

Abstract

Nagoya (NAG), a native Japanese chicken breed, has high quality meat but low meat yield, whereas White Plymouth Rock (WPR), a parental breed of commercial broilers, has rapid growth but high body fat. We previously reported three quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for early postnatal growth in 239 F2 chickens between NAG and WPR breeds. In this study, using the same F2 chickens at 4 weeks of age, we performed genome-wide QTL analysis for breast muscle weight, fat weight and serum and liver levels of biochemical parameters. Two significant QTLs for pectoralis minor and/or major weights were revealed on chromosome 2 between 108 Mb and 127 Mb and chromosome 4 between 10 Mb and 68 Mb. However, no QTL for the other traits was detected. The two QTLs explained 7.0–11.1% of the phenotypic variances, and their alleles derived from WPR increased muscle weights. The chromosome 2 QTL may be a novel locus, whereas the chromosome 4 QTL coincided with a known QTL for meat quality. The findings provide information that is beneficial for genetic improvement of meat yield for the lean NAG breed and, furthermore, provide a better understanding of the genetic basis of chicken muscle development.

Morphological variation of tail bone among two chicken breeds and their F1 progeny

“…Compared to commercial elite breeds, indigenous chicken breeds have high potential for meat quality (Ishikawa et al, 2021), eggshell thickness (Goto et al, 2014a), albumen weight, yolk height (Goto et al, 2014b), yolk proportion (Ni et al, 2023), and genetic diversity (Wragg et al, 2012) but not production performance. To use the desirable characteristics from indigenous breeds, the meat and egg industries often cross indigenous breeds and high‐performance breeds, including White Leghorn, Rhode Island Red, White Plymouth Rock, or White Cornish (Tsudzuki, 2003), to create F 1 hybrids such as the Japanese Jidori brand (Moroi et al, 2019).…”