“…The measurement of surface deformation based on the InSAR methods can provide information about the ground surface with centimeter-and at times, millimeter-level precision and accuracy (Argnani et al, 2016;Bianchini et al, 2018;Lee et al, 2019;Ali et al, 2020) (Argnani et al, 2016;Bianchini et al, 2018;Lee et al, 2019;Ali et al, 2020). A number of previous studies have used the Differential SAR Interferometry (DInSAR) method, which was significantly applied to measure land surface deformation (Goldstein et al, 1988;Mestre-Quereda et al, 2018;Poreh & Pirasteh, 2020;Saralioglu, 2022). However, the conventional DInSAR technique has some shortcomings, including orbital errors, atmospheric errors, and temporal and spatial correlation distortion.…”