Mapping the Changes on Incidence, Case Fatality Rates and Recovery Proportion of COVID-19 in Afghanistan Using Geographical Information Systems

Mousavi, Sayed Hamid; Zahid, Shafi Ullah; Wardak, Kalimullah; Azimi, Kazim Ali; Hosseini, Sayed Mohammad Reza; Wafaee, Marzia; Dhama, Kuldeep; Sah, Ranjit; Rabaan, Ali A.; Arteaga‐Livias, Kovy; Bonilla-Aldana, D. Katterine; Rodríguez‐Morales, Alfonso J.

doi:10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.06.010

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Unfortunately, very few studies have been conducted about Afghanistan during the pandemic of COVID-19. 28 The authors of this study may be biased to some extent regarding the data analysis as they themselves are founders of a university. However, without them it would not have been possible to collect first-hand experience.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on the Health and Financial Status of Private Educational Institutions in Afghanistan During COVID-19 Pandemic

Nemat¹,

Raufi²,

Essar³

et al. 2021

JMDH

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Purpose The worldwide spread of the coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 has disrupted the world economy and the economy of Afghanistan as part of it. In addition, it has affected health and education in the country. The aim of this study is to highlight the damage the pandemic has done to private educational institutes in Afghanistan, in terms of finances, health and educational aspects. This is to draw attention to the setbacks the COVID-19 pandemic has caused to post-war (ie, post 2001) Afghan private education. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with the help of Afghanistan’s Educational Centers Association (AECA) members to analyze the impact of the COVID-19-related lockdown. The questionnaire for the survey was distributed through SurveyMonkey to founders of educational institutes. It included basic demographics, perception of and exposure to COVID-19 by the participants and the educational and financial state of their institutions. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software version 25. Results Almost all participants who completed the questionnaire were male; 82% of them were under 35 years old, the others were older. Fifty-one percent obtained their COVID-19-related information through social media. Fifty-six percent confirmed that either they themselves or employees had tested positive with COVID-19. Eighty-seven percent of their educational institutes were not conducting any online classes. Only 2% received continued payment from their students. Five percent did not pay rent for their center’s lease. Regarding the economic damage during the lockdown period (March to July 2020) they encountered, 47% reported a loss of 2000–5000$ with a decreasing amount of participants responding and an ascending amount of financial loss. Conclusion COVID-19 pandemic caused a significant financial and educational loss to the private educational institutes in Afghanistan. The lockdown induced by it affected students’ fees transactions, induction of online classes, substantial financial loss, and it elevated the health crisis according to the founders of private educational institutes’ reports.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on the Health and Financial Status of Private Educational Institutions in Afghanistan During COVID-19 Pandemic

Nemat¹,

Raufi²,

Essar³

et al. 2021

JMDH

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“…These help to see the concentration of disease among the population in terms of cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Even more, using geographical information systems (GIS)-based maps, stakeholders may rapidly analyze changes in the epidemiological situation [4][5][6][7]. Although the epidemic of COVID-19 caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) started in Italy on January 31, 2020, no reports on the use of GIS-based maps have been published to analyze the distinct differences in incidence rates across its regions and provinces during the last months.…”

Section: Dear Editormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surveillance cases data of the cumulative number at March 15, April 18, and June 8, 2020, officially reported by the Italian health authorities were used to estimate the cumulated incidence rates on those dates using reference population data on SARS-CoV-2 confirmed infections (cases/100,000 pop) and to develop the maps by regions and provinces, using the GIS software Kosmo ® 3.1, as performed in previous related studies [6,7]. Starting on March 8, 2020, the region of Lombardy, together with 14 additional northern and central provinces, in Piedmont, Emilia-Romagna, Veneto, and Marche, they were put under lockdown.…”

Section: Dear Editormentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the spatial distribution of COVID-19 incidence in Italy using GIS-based maps

Martellucci

Sah

Rabaan

et al. 2020

Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob

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“…Most of this research has provided analyses within a country (e.g., Huang, Liu, & Ding, 2020; Qi et al, 2020; Zhu & Zhu, 2020). Some previous studies have analysed the spatial spread of COVID‐19 among the regions of a country by analysing GIS maps (e.g., Arab‐Mazar, Sah, Rabaan, Dhama, & Rodriguez‐Morales, 2020; Martellucci et al, 2020; Mousavi et al, 2020). Some studies have analysed the factors affecting COVID‐19 spread by methods such as spatial econometric (Guliyev, 2020; Qi et al, 2020), and some studies, such as Melin et al (2020), also simulated and predicted the virus using neural network methods.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial distribution dynamics and prediction of COVID‐19 in Asian countries: spatial Markov chain approach

Shabani

Shahnazi

2020

Regional Science Policy & Practice

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as a contagious disease, has negative externality and public policies are essential to control it. To provide control solutions, identifying the factors affecting the spread of COVID-19 and its distribution dynamics are very important for policy-makers. Although there have been many studies examining various factors affecting the spread of COVID-19, there are research gaps on the distribution dynamics of COVID-19, its future trend prediction with the current policies, and the effects of neighbours on the distribution dynamics of COVID-19. Hence, this paper used the data published on the confirmed COVID-19 cases (C-COVID-19) from 9 February 2020, to 27 July 2020, to investigate the spatial distribution dynamics of COVID-19 and its prediction in 40 Asian countries. The Markov chain and the spatial Markov chain were used in this study. The results show that the COVID-19 in Asia did not tend to zero with the current policies, and the neighbours had effects on the spread of COVID-19. Therefore, policy-makers should use cooperative policies between countries instead of domestic monopoly policies.

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Mapping the Changes on Incidence, Case Fatality Rates and Recovery Proportion of COVID-19 in Afghanistan Using Geographical Information Systems

Cited by 11 publications

References 7 publications

A Survey on the Health and Financial Status of Private Educational Institutions in Afghanistan During COVID-19 Pandemic

A Survey on the Health and Financial Status of Private Educational Institutions in Afghanistan During COVID-19 Pandemic

Changes in the spatial distribution of COVID-19 incidence in Italy using GIS-based maps

Spatial distribution dynamics and prediction of COVID‐19 in Asian countries: spatial Markov chain approach

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