Mapping the distribution of the main host for plague in a complex landscape in Kazakhstan: An object-based approach using SPOT-5 XS, Landsat 7 ETM+, SRTM and multiple Random Forests

Wilschut, Liesbeth; Addink, E.A.; Heesterbeek, J.A.P.; Dubyanskiy, V. M.; Davis, Stephen; Laudisoit, Anne; Begon, Michael; Burdelov, L. A.; Atshabar, B. B.; Jong, S.M. de

doi:10.1016/j.jag.2012.11.007

Cited by 30 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The presence of host species for plague such as Meriones hurrianae and Tatera indica in India has also been reported previously [18]. Meriones libycus followed by Hemiechinus auritis have been the main host reservoirs in the areas of Khorasan, Iran [19]. Keeping in mind this extensive presence of the disease in the Asian continent, it seems surprising that no cases of plague have been reported so far from Pakistan.…”

Section: Rodent Reservoirs In the Asian Continentsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…Rhombomys opimus (great gerbil) is prevalent in India [26], Afghanistan [12], and Khorasan, Iran [19]; subsequently, its presence is commonly reported in different districts of Baluchistan province that border Iran and Afghanistan, i.e., Chagai [27], Quetta, Jaffarabad, and Kharan of Pakistan [28].…”

Section: The District-wise Distribution Of Rodents In Pakistan Rhombomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial analysis and identification of high risk plague regions in Pakistan based on associated rodent species distribution

Shabbir

Aleem

Javed

et al. 2016

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Plague, caused by Yersinia pestitis, is an infectious bacterial disease that has a high fatality rate if untreated. Rodents are plague reservoirs and play an important role in disease spread. Plague cases have been reported extensively since the second pandemic from the 14th century in countries sharing borders with Pakistan, such as China and India, as well as nearby countries including Russia and central Asia. Despite being centrally located in a plague-infested geographical zone, there has been no plague incidence reported from Pakistan. This study aims to pinpoint some of the potentially important aspects of the disease, which have to be considered when assessing potential risk associated with a plague outbreak in Pakistan. In this context, the occurrence and distribution of plague-associated rodent reservoirs in different regions of Pakistan in relation to those found in the neighboring countries were mapped. In addition, the climatic factors that may also influence disease spread by affecting the growth of the bacteria are also discussed. The combined epidemiological and ecological surveillance studies suggest a prevalence of several potential rodent carriers in certain districts with the possibility of a plague outbreak in Pakistan.

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Section: Rodent Reservoirs In the Asian Continentsupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: The District-wise Distribution Of Rodents In Pakistan Rhombomentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial analysis and identification of high risk plague regions in Pakistan based on associated rodent species distribution

Shabbir

Aleem

Javed

et al. 2016

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…This bursting was showed to move upstream and downstream in an unpredictable way with no noticeable change in the external conditions. The vortex position is regarded as the average value of the minimum and the maximum movement of the vortex bubble [26,27]. As mentioned before the present experiments were carried out with the two swirl flow directions; and applied on the two pipe with dimensionless; L/R=24.…”

Section: Control Stage Vortex Position Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduce Defects by Controlling the Spraying Process via Images Compare and Revamping Lean Six Sigma Toolbox

Am¹

2017

Ind Eng Manage

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Ideal-Standard factory suffers from disturbance in covering them Bathtubs by chemical liquid, which must cover all surfaces the same thickness. The main reason for that suffering is the emergence of bubbles in the liquid via vortex phenomenon (i.e., waste) that cause a defect in spraying process. This phenomenon is one of the hydrodynamic instability that pushes the liquid in the hoses with different pressures, then unbalance covers' layer of spraying liquid on a Bathtubs and reduce its resists against heating circumstances. The Vortex flow is subject to a number of major structural changes involving very large disturbances when a characteristic ratio of catalyst to axial velocity components is varied. Therefore, this paper proposed a VSCM algorithm (vortex stream control map) that discusses via DMIAC roadmap through two phases. The first describes and detect the waste by imaging and monitoring the vortex and comparing them with standard saving in local database. The second use the Genetic code to select the best camera position and manipulating the database that used in decision making through control step to cessation spraying process if the bubbles move out of its allowable range.

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“…Burrows of the great gerbil within the study area are abundant, with an average burrow density of c . 3.5 burrows ha −1 (Wilschut et al ., ). The mean diameter of burrows varies from c .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Soils are sandy, with variable clay and low organic matter content. Overall, vegetation cover is low and has a decreasing trend towards Lake Balkhash (Wilschut et al ., ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Spatial distribution patterns of plague hosts: point pattern analysis of the burrows of great gerbils in Kazakhstan

Wilschut

Laudisoit

Hughes

et al. 2015

Journal of Biogeography

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AimThe spatial structure of a population can strongly influence the dynamics of infectious diseases, yet rarely is the underlying structure quantified. A case in point is plague, an infectious zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. Plague dynamics within the Central Asian desert plague focus have been extensively modelled in recent years, but always with strong uniformity assumptions about the distribution of its primary reservoir host, the great gerbil (Rhombomys opimus). Yet, while clustering of this species’ burrows due to social or ecological processes could have potentially significant effects on model outcomes, there is currently nothing known about the spatial distribution of inhabited burrows. Here, we address this knowledge gap by describing key aspects of the spatial patterns of great gerbil burrows in Kazakhstan.LocationKazakhstan.MethodsBurrows were classified as either occupied or empty in 98 squares of four different sizes: 200 m (side length), 250 m, 500 m and 590–1020 m. We used Ripley's K statistic to determine whether and at what scale there was clustering of occupied burrows, and semi‐variograms to quantify spatial patterns in occupied burrows at scales of 250 m to 9 km.ResultsSignificant spatial clustering of occupied burrows occurred in 25% and 75% of squares of 500 m and 590–1020 m, respectively, but not in smaller squares. In clustered squares, the clustering criterion peaked around 250 m. Semi‐variograms showed that burrow density was auto‐correlated up to a distance of 7 km and occupied density up to 2.5 km.Main conclusionsThese results demonstrate that there is statistically significant spatial clustering of occupied burrows and that the uniformity assumptions of previous plague models should be reconsidered to assess its significance for plague transmission. This field evidence will allow for more realistic approaches to disease ecology models for both this system and for other structured host populations.

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Mapping the distribution of the main host for plague in a complex landscape in Kazakhstan: An object-based approach using SPOT-5 XS, Landsat 7 ETM+, SRTM and multiple Random Forests

Cited by 30 publications

References 47 publications

Spatial analysis and identification of high risk plague regions in Pakistan based on associated rodent species distribution

Spatial analysis and identification of high risk plague regions in Pakistan based on associated rodent species distribution

Reduce Defects by Controlling the Spraying Process via Images Compare and Revamping Lean Six Sigma Toolbox

Spatial distribution patterns of plague hosts: point pattern analysis of the burrows of great gerbils in Kazakhstan

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