Relationships between authors based on characteristics of published literature have been studied for decades.Author cocitation analysis using mapping techniques has been most frequently used to study how closely two authors are thought to be in intellectual space based on how members of the research community co-cite their works. Other approaches exist to study author relatedness based more directly on the text of their published works. In this study we present static and dynamic wordbased approaches using vector space modeling, as well as a topic-based approach based on latent Dirichlet allocation for mapping author research relatedness. Vector space modeling is used to define an author space consisting of works by a given author. Outcomes for the two word-based approaches and a topic-based approach for 50 prolific authors in library and information science are compared with more traditional author cocitation analysis using multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis. The two word-based approaches produced similar outcomes except where two authors were frequent co-authors for the majority of their articles. The topic-based approach produced the most distinctive map.This literature review section covers two parts. The first section reviews existing techniques used for mapping bibliometric units. The second section briefly reviews the relevant models used in the study. It includes an introduction to the essential ideas of the vector space model, how it applies to the current study, and provides a short introduction to the LDA or topic model.
Bibliometric Relatedness MeasuresMany bibliometric studies have formulated quantitative measures to map scientific structure at different levels of granularity including authors, articles, and journals. In reviewing visualization studies for knowledge domains, Börner, Chen, and Boyack (2005) categorized relatedness measures into two broad categories: citation linkages and co-occurrence similarities. Within the relatedness measures, five basic approaches were identified: direct citation, cocitation analysis, co-authorship analysis, bibliographic coupling, and co-word analysis.Direct citation. Direct citation accounts for the relatedness between a citing work and a cited work based on citing behavior. This measure is usually asymmetric. Shibata, Kajikawa, Takeda, and Matsushima (2008) explored citation networks for two research domains and divided the networks into clusters in order to identify research fronts. Direct citation has not attracted wide attention. One possible reason may be its requirement for a very long time window to obtain a sufficient linking signal for clustering (