Mapping the onset of psychosis: The comprehensive assessment of at risk mental states (CAARMS)

Yung, Alison R.; Yuen, HP; Phillips, LJ; Francey, S; McGorry, PD

doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(03)80090-7

Cited by 134 publications

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“…Inclusion criteria were assessed using the Comprehensive Assessment for At Risk Mental States (CAARMS; Yung et al 2005). All were aged between 14 and 35 years and seeking help for symptoms.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CAARMS (Yung et al 2005) is a standardized clinical interview, which has been developed to determine if an individual meets criteria for an ARMS and to assess psychopathology thought to indicate imminent development of psychotic disorder. The CAARMS has good to excellent inter-rater reliability (Yung et al 2005) and was used to assess our entry criteria.…”

Section: Caarmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CAARMS has good to excellent inter-rater reliability (Yung et al 2005) and was used to assess our entry criteria.…”

Section: Caarmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Negative cognition, affect, metacognition and dimensions of paranoia in people at ultra-high risk of psychosis: a multi-level modelling analysis

et al. 2015

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n Morrison, A.P. et al. (2015) Negative cognition, affect, metacognition and dimensions of paranoia in people at ultra-high risk of psychosis: a multi-level modelling analysis. Psychological Medicine, 45(12), pp. 2675-2684.There may be differences between this version and the published version. You are advised to consult the publisher's version if you wish to cite from it.http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/109839/ Background. Paranoia is one of the commonest symptoms of psychosis but has rarely been studied in a population at risk of developing psychosis. Based on existing theoretical models, including the proposed distinction between 'poor me' and 'bad me' paranoia, we aimed to test specific predictions about associations between negative cognition, metacognitive beliefs and negative emotions and paranoid ideation and the belief that persecution is deserved (deservedness).Method. We used data from 117 participants from the Early Detection and Intervention Evaluation for people at risk of psychosis (EDIE-2) trial of cognitive-behaviour therapy, comparing them with samples of psychiatric in-patients and healthy students from a previous study. Multi-level modelling was utilized to examine predictors of both paranoia and deservedness, with post-hoc planned comparisons conducted to test whether person-level predictor variables were associated differentially with paranoia or with deservedness.Results. Our sample of at-risk mental state participants was not as paranoid, but reported higher levels of 'bad-me' deservedness, compared with psychiatric in-patients. We found several predictors of paranoia and deservedness. Negative beliefs about self were related to deservedness but not paranoia, whereas negative beliefs about others were positively related to paranoia but negatively with deservedness. Both depression and negative metacognitive beliefs about paranoid thinking were specifically related to paranoia but not deservedness.Conclusions. This study provides evidence for the role of negative cognition, metacognition and negative affect in the development of paranoid beliefs, which has implications for psychological interventions and our understanding of psychosis.

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Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Caarmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Negative cognition, affect, metacognition and dimensions of paranoia in people at ultra-high risk of psychosis: a multi-level modelling analysis

et al. 2015

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“…By definition, the prodrome is a retrospective diagnosis but great effort has been made to identify demographic and clinical criteria which can then be used to identify "putatively prodromal," "high-risk," "ultra-high risk," or "at-risk" individuals who may progress to a psychotic illness. Several clinical interviews have been developed to assess prodromal symptoms, including the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental State (CAARMS) [7], the Structured Interview of Prodromal Symptoms (SIPS) [8], and the Bonn Scale of Basic Symptoms [9] (for a review see [10]). The prodromal criteria defined by CAARMS and SIPS identify three prodromal subgroups: a Genetic Risk and Deterioration subgroup (defined as having a first-degree relative with schizophrenia or meeting criteria for SPD plus a recent deterioration in functioning); an Attenuated Positive Symptoms group (having had a new onset of subsyndromal psychotic symptoms); and a Brief Intermittent (or Limited) Psychosis group (having had transient symptoms meeting a psychotic level of severity before resolution).…”

Section: Schizophrenia Prodromementioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in the prospective study of the schizophrenia prodrome

Fu¹,

Cadenhead

2005

Current Psychosis & Therapeutics Reports

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Further understanding of the schizophrenia spectrum has helped to define the prodrome of the illness, leading to hopes of earlier identification and intervention in susceptible, at-risk individuals. Given the heterogeneity and comorbidity observed in the clinically and demographically identified prodromal sample, it is essential that neurobiological markers that are more closely linked to brain function, and perhaps the ability to predict evolution of psychosis, be identified. Ultimately, it may be possible to identify an algorithm of risk factors that will combine clinical and demographic risk factors with vulnerability markers associated with later development of schizophrenia to better target at-risk individuals or preventative treatment.

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“…The Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental State (CAARMS) evaluates seven areas, including the following: 1) attenuated positive symptoms (thought content, perceptual abnormalities, and disorganized speech); 2) subjective and objective cognitive change; 3) subjective and objective blunting or inappropriate affect; 4) negative symptoms (alogia, avolition, and anhedonia); 5) behavioral change (social isolation, impaired role function, disorganized or odd behaviors, and aggression or dangerous behaviors); 6) motor changes (subjective changes in bodily sensations, autonomic function, motor function, and object changes in motor function); and 7) general psychopathology (mania, depression, suicidality, mood lability, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, dissociative symptoms, and impaired tolerance to normal stress) [17,18]. The SOPS evaluates 19 symptoms, including five attenuated positive symptoms (Table 1), six negative symptoms (social isolation, avolition, decreased expression of emotion, experience of emotion, ideational richness, and role functioning), four disorganization symptoms (odd appearance, bizarre thinking, poor focus/ attention, and poor hygiene), and three general symptoms (sleep disturbance, dysphoric mood, motor disturbance, and decreased stress tolerance) [19].…”

Section: Defining the Prodromementioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating and treating the prodromal stage of schizophrenia

Perkins

2004

Curr Psychiatry Rep

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Identification of a person in the prodromal stage of schizophrenia, before the onset of the first episode of psychosis, provides an opportunity for early, potentially preventative, interventions. Recent attempts to develop "at risk" or "prodromal syndrome" diagnostic criteria have proved to be successful at identifying individuals at high risk for psychosis. Preliminary investigations find that pharmacologic and psychotherapeutic interventions may reduce the risk of psychosis in "at risk" individuals, but until more is known, current treatment guidelines recommend close monitoring, therapeutic interventions that address identified problems, including supportive or cognitive therapies to reduce the functional consequences of the presenting symptoms, family interventions to reduce family distress and improve coping, and intervention with schools to decrease likelihood of school failure. Pharmacologic intervention targeting the prodromal symptoms is not recommended, given the uncertain riskbenefit ratio.

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Mapping the onset of psychosis: The comprehensive assessment of at risk mental states (CAARMS)

Cited by 134 publications

References 0 publications

Negative cognition, affect, metacognition and dimensions of paranoia in people at ultra-high risk of psychosis: a multi-level modelling analysis

Negative cognition, affect, metacognition and dimensions of paranoia in people at ultra-high risk of psychosis: a multi-level modelling analysis

Progress in the prospective study of the schizophrenia prodrome

Evaluating and treating the prodromal stage of schizophrenia

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