Mapping the patchwork: Exploring the subnational heterogeneity of child marriage in India

McDougal, Lotus; Shakya, Holly B.; Dehingia, Nabamallika; Lapsansky, Charlotte; Conrad, David B.; Bhan, Nandita; Singh, Abhishek; McDougal, Topher L.; Raj, Anita

doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100688

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…While these states may differ from each other in terms of administrative control, state borders are often porous in terms of culture and local norms. Similar findings are reported in a study of child marriage in India (McDougal et al 2020). These findings call for the urgent implementation of geographically focused and targeted policy and program interventions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Spatial heterogeneity in son preference across India’s 640 districts: An application of small-area estimation

Singh¹,

Upadhyay²,

Kumar³

et al. 2022

DemRes

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Data and methods 3.1 Data 3.2 Measuring son preference 3.3 Statistical methodology 3.4 Diagnostic measures 3.5 Geospatial clustering of son preference 4 Results 4.1 Direct-survey-based summary measures of son preference 4.2 SAE model statistics 4.3 Diagnostics 4.4 Summary of model-based estimates of son preference at the district level 4.5 Spatial patterns of son preference in India 4.6 Moran's I and LISA results 5 Discussion 6 Conclusions References Appendix

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Spatial heterogeneity in son preference across India’s 640 districts: An application of small-area estimation

Singh¹,

Upadhyay²,

Kumar³

et al. 2022

DemRes

Self Cite

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“…The DAG pathways in Fig 1 were created based on existing research, as well as authors’ topical and theoretical expertise [ 69 – 71 ]. Reviewed research covered all assessed variables, including parity [ 40 , 72 ], son preference [ 34 , 72 ], age [ 11 , 31 , 40 ], urban/rural residence [ 12 , 73 ], education [ 12 , 37 , 72 , 74 ], SC/ST or OBC status [ 40 , 72 , 75 ], household wealth [ 31 , 72 , 76 ], household composition [ 77 ], age at first marriage [ 32 , 33 , 67 , 74 , 78 , 79 ], spousal education gap [ 12 , 80 ], freedom of movement [ 72 , 78 ], and decision-making [ 78 , 81 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planning for work: Exploring the relationship between contraceptive use and women’s sector-specific employment in India

et al. 2021

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While the health-related benefits of contraceptive use for women are well documented, potential social benefits, including enabling women’s employment, have not been well researched. We examine the relationship between contraceptive use and women’s employment in India, a country where both factors have remained relatively static over the past ten years. We use data from India’s 2015–16 National Family Health Survey to test the association between current contraceptive use (none, sterilization, IUD, condom, pill, rhythm method or withdrawal) and current employment status (none, professional, clerical or sales, agricultural, services or production) with multivariable, multinomial regression; variable selection was guided by a directed acyclic graph. More than three-quarters of women in this sample were currently using contraception; sterilization was most common. Women who were sterilized or chose traditional contraception, relative to those not using contraception, were more likely to be employed in the agricultural and production sectors, versus not being employed (sterilization adjusted relative risk ratio [aRRR] = 1.5, p<0.001 for both agricultural and production sectors; rhythm aRRR = 1.5, p = 0.01 for agriculture; withdrawal aRRR = 1.5, p = 0.02 for production). In contrast, women with IUDs, compared to those who not using contraception, were more likely to be employed in the professional sector versus not being employed (aRRR = 1.9, p = 0.01). The associations between current contraceptive use and employment were heterogeneous across methods and sectors, though in no case was contraceptive use significantly associated with lower relative probabilities of employment. Policies designed to support women’s access to contraception should consider the sector-specific employment of the populations they target.

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“…Poor is defined as being at the bottom-two quintiles of the household wealth index distribution. Since there exist a sub-national heterogeneity in child marriage prevalence in India [ 33 ], for further robustness check, we estimated the model for the sub-groups of 28 administrative states of India (results presented in Additional file 1 : Appendix). All models were estimated for the full sample (age 22 to 44 years), and sub-samples of early adult (age 22 to 34 years) and early middle-age (age 35 to 44 years) using complex survey weights.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child marriage and risky health behaviors: an analysis of tobacco use among early adult and early middle-aged women in India

2022

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Background Though the harmful impacts of child marriage have been evaluated across several domains, evidence on the relationship between child marriage and health behaviors over the life course is limited. In this paper, we examined whether getting married as a child is associated with one of the most common risky health behaviors, tobacco use, in adulthood. Methods Using nationally representative data from India, we compared the odds in favor of tobacco use among early adult (age 22–34) and early middle-aged (age 35–44) women who were married before age 18 with that of those who were married as youths (age 18–21). We estimated univariate and multivariable logistic regressions to obtain odds ratios in favor of any tobacco-use and relative risk ratios in favor of mutually exclusive types of tobacco use (smoking-only, smokeless-only, and dual-use). We also explored the intensive margin of the relationship by assessing if the odds of tobacco use in adulthood were affected by how early (13 or less, 14–15, or 16–17) a child bride was married. Results We find that the adjusted odds of tobacco use for those who were married as a child were 1.3 and 1.2 times that of those who were married as a youth among early adult and early middle-aged women, respectively. The younger was the child bride when married, the higher were the odds of tobacco use as an adult. The relative risks of different types of tobacco use were also higher for child brides than their peers. Conclusions These results are the first evidence of the association between child marriage and a major risky health behavior, tobacco use, over the life course. These findings will inform policies to strengthen child marriage prevention efforts and targeted tobacco control initiatives in the low-and-middle income countries.

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Mapping the patchwork: Exploring the subnational heterogeneity of child marriage in India

Cited by 16 publications

References 60 publications

Spatial heterogeneity in son preference across India’s 640 districts: An application of small-area estimation

Spatial heterogeneity in son preference across India’s 640 districts: An application of small-area estimation

Planning for work: Exploring the relationship between contraceptive use and women’s sector-specific employment in India

Child marriage and risky health behaviors: an analysis of tobacco use among early adult and early middle-aged women in India

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