Mapping the Spatial distribution of Soil heavy metals pollution by Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analyses

Bux, Raja Karim; Batool, Madeeha; Sj, Shah; Solangi, Amber R.; Shaikh, Asghar Ali; Haider, Syed Iqleem; Shah, Zia-ul-Hassan

doi:10.1007/s11270-023-06361-1

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The second component included only Pb, explaining 13.07% of the total variance, and the third component included Cd, explaining 8.63% of the total variance. In recent years, CA has been increasingly applied to identify the potential sources of HMs in sediment and/or soil [50][51][52][53][54]. The CA results for HMs in the sediment indicated that the six HMs could be briefly divided into two categories (the red one and the blue one in Figure 6b).…”

Section: Potential Sources Of Hmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, combined with the results of the PCC, PCA, and CA of HMs in the sediments, it was speculated that Cu and Cr in the sediments from the LTR may have the same or some common source, which may be industrial wastewaters and/or utilizations of fertilizers and pesticides [46]. Furthermore, according to the comparisons of the Cu and Cr concentrations in the sediments from each sampling site with the reference environ- In recent years, CA has been increasingly applied to identify the potential sources of HMs in sediment and/or soil [50][51][52][53][54]. The CA results for HMs in the sediment indicated that the six HMs could be briefly divided into two categories (the red one and the blue one in Figure 6b).…”

Section: Potential Sources Of Hmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Assessment of the Heavy Metal Contamination, Risk, and Source Identification in the Sediments from the Liangtan River, China

Ma,

Wu,

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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The contents of six heavy metals (HMs: Cr, Cu, As, Pb, Cd, and Zn) in sediments from the upper reaches of Liangtan River (LTR) were determined. The geo-accumulation index (Igeo), pollution load index (PLI), and potential ecological risk index (RI) were employed to assess the HM contamination in the sediments. Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis (PCC), principal component analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis (CA) were used to infer the sources of HMs. The average concentrations of Cr, Cu, As, Pb, Cd, and Zn were 44.63 ± 25.36, 31.40 ± 22.56, 4.66 ± 2.07, 29.20 ± 27.73, 0.25 ± 0.06, and 68.87 ± 104.62 μg/g, respectively. The Igeo indicated that the Cd contamination level was unpolluted to moderately polluted. The mean PLI was 0.97 ± 0.53, suggesting that the sediments were unpolluted, but close to moderately contaminated. The RI values indicated that the potential environmental risk of HMs in the sediments of the LTR was low. The results of PCC, PCA, and CA suggested that the Cr, Cu, As, and Zn in the sediment may mainly originate from natural processes; Pb mainly comes from human industrial and agricultural production activities as well as natural processes; and the main source of Cd may be the production activities of the surrounding chemical enterprises and chemical fertilizer application in farmland.

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Section: Potential Sources Of Hmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Potential Sources Of Hmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Assessment of the Heavy Metal Contamination, Risk, and Source Identification in the Sediments from the Liangtan River, China

Ma,

Wu,

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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“…Physical migration is mainly the migration of elements with the transport of detritus, including hydraulic transport and wind transport [25,27]. Research on the combination characteristics of elements, such as correlation and principal component analysis, can identify the possible source of heavy metals and the contribution rate of each source according to the combination characteristics of elements [28][29][30][31]. However, the study of migration pathways requires being combined with other methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source and Migration Pathways of Heavy Metals in Soils from an Iron Mine in Baotou City, China

Wang,

Xu,

et al. 2024

Minerals

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The exploitation of iron ore could cause heavy metals pollution in the soils, which threatens the ecosystem and human health. In this study, soil, stream sediment, tailings, rock, and atmospheric deposition samples were collected from an iron mine in Baotou City. The concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn, Al2O3, CaO, K2O, MgO, Na2O, SiO2, and Fe2O3, as well as the mineral composition and heavy metal speciation of the samples, were analyzed for pollution assessment and source identification of heavy metals. The results reveal that the concentration of Cu in the soils was significantly higher than the background value, and an unpolluted to moderately polluted state was the main pollution level. By analyzing the relationship between Cu/Al2O3 and CaO in different samples, as well as the characteristics of the chemical index of alteration (CIA), mineral composition, and the chemical speciation of Cu in soils and profiles, the results suggest that tailings were the source of Cu pollution in soils. The distribution characteristics of Cu and CaO in stream sediments indicated that hydraulic transport may be one of the main migration pathways. In addition, wind transport may also be a pathway of migration.

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Integrated geochemical analysis of urban and peri-urban soils: a case study of Lamia City, Greece

Papazotos,

Liakopoulos,

Kontodimos

et al. 2024

Environ Monit Assess

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Mapping the Spatial distribution of Soil heavy metals pollution by Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analyses

Cited by 12 publications

References 44 publications

An Assessment of the Heavy Metal Contamination, Risk, and Source Identification in the Sediments from the Liangtan River, China

An Assessment of the Heavy Metal Contamination, Risk, and Source Identification in the Sediments from the Liangtan River, China

Source and Migration Pathways of Heavy Metals in Soils from an Iron Mine in Baotou City, China

Integrated geochemical analysis of urban and peri-urban soils: a case study of Lamia City, Greece

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