Mapping the spatiotemporal evolution of solute transport in articular cartilage explants reveals how cartilage recovers fluid within the contact area during sliding

Graham, Brian T.; Moore, Axel C.; Burris, David L.; Price, Christopher

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.01.041

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This study isolated how sliding contributes to tribological rehydration by eliminating potential contribution from reciprocal wedging. During unidirectional sliding, we observed the same qualitative relationship between rehydration and sliding speed that we observed in our previous reciprocal sliding studies [29][30][31]39]; thus, we can reasonably conclude that the tribological rehydration effects observed therein were primarily caused by sliding and less so (if at all) by effects from reciprocation. Our results were generally consistent with the hydrodynamic hypothesis presented previously [29,39].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…This idea has emerged in our minds based primarily on three observations. First, cursory modeling results, which are currently unpublished, have suggested to us that the slopes necessary to support hydrodynamic pressure-induced tribological rehydration must be far shallower than the steep slopes we have observed in the macro-wedge [30,31]. Secondly, we find that significant deformations are necessary before we begin detecting tribological rehydration, even at high sliding speeds [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

“…A few years ago, however, we used in situ strain and solute transport measurements to demonstrate that cartilage can actively recover interstitial hydration during sliding within a constantly loaded stationary contact area that precludes any possible contribution from contact migration [29][30][31]; we called the phenomenon 'tribological rehydration' to reflect the fact that recovery was induced by sliding. While existing theories fail to explain the tribological rehydration phenomenon, our results are consistent with hydrodynamic origins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How Sliding and Hydrodynamics Contribute to Articular Cartilage Fluid and Lubrication Recovery

et al. 2019

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The tribological functions of cartilage are governed primarily by its interstitial fluid content, but the means by which cartilage recovers and retains interstitial fluid during articulation following periods of static loading remain unclear. Recently, we demonstrated a phenomenon in which articular cartilage recovers fluid at the loaded contact interface; we refer to this as 'tribological rehydration'. Our findings were consistent with two competing hypotheses: (1) that hydrodynamic pressures exceeded local interstitial pressures; (2) that fluid from the trailing wedge squeezed into the porous surface during direction reversals (reciprocal wedging). In this paper, we use unidirectional sliding to eliminate the potential effects of reciprocal wedging on tribological rehydration. We observed the same tribological rehydration effects from speed as in our previous reciprocating studies; thus, any effects of reciprocation are secondary to those of sliding itself. Tribological rehydration was enhanced by increased speeds, decreased loads, increased lubricant viscosity, and increased sample diameter. Although our results are generally consistent with a hydrodynamic interpretation of tribological rehydration, our attempts to eliminate the convergence zone by systematically decreasing the sample diameter failed to extinguish tribological rehydration. This final observation reveals an extremely robust mechanism for preventing tissue collapse and highlights some of the remaining challenges in modeling cartilage as a mechanical and tribological material.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How Sliding and Hydrodynamics Contribute to Articular Cartilage Fluid and Lubrication Recovery

et al. 2019

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“…Similar approaches for iterative tissue adaptation as applied here have been used to study cartilage mechanics 24 , 54 – 57 , bone remodeling 29 , 58 – 62 and tissue engineering characterization 63 , 64 . A critical factor in the model generation and simulation is the selection of the degeneration thresholds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel mechanobiological model can predict how physiologically relevant dynamic loading causes proteoglycan loss in mechanically injured articular cartilage

Orozco

Tanska

Florea

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

132

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Cartilage provides low-friction properties and plays an essential role in diarthrodial joints. A hydrated ground substance composed mainly of proteoglycans (PGs) and a fibrillar collagen network are the main constituents of cartilage. Unfortunately, traumatic joint loading can destroy this complex structure and produce lesions in tissue, leading later to changes in tissue composition and, ultimately, to post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). Consequently, the fixed charge density (FCD) of PGs may decrease near the lesion. However, the underlying mechanisms leading to these tissue changes are unknown. Here, knee cartilage disks from bovine calves were injuriously compressed, followed by a physiologically relevant dynamic compression for twelve days. FCD content at different follow-up time points was assessed using digital densitometry. A novel cartilage degeneration model was developed by implementing deviatoric and maximum shear strain, as well as fluid velocity controlled algorithms to simulate the FCD loss as a function of time. Predicted loss of FCD was quite uniform around the cartilage lesions when the degeneration algorithm was driven by the fluid velocity, while the deviatoric and shear strain driven mechanisms exhibited slightly discontinuous FCD loss around cracks. Our degeneration algorithm predictions fitted well with the FCD content measured from the experiments. The developed model could subsequently be applied for prediction of FCD depletion around different cartilage lesions and for suggesting optimal rehabilitation protocols.

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“…For samples subject to sliding, tissue consolidation was not visible. This loading mode has been associated with cartilage thickening following static load [41], [42], [48]. In finite element simulations, sliding is associated with minimal tissue consolidation, whereas an average compressive creep response has been observed under cyclic uniaxial compression [62].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations of Sliding-Induced Solute Transport in Articular Cartilage

Culliton¹

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Mapping the spatiotemporal evolution of solute transport in articular cartilage explants reveals how cartilage recovers fluid within the contact area during sliding

Cited by 25 publications

References 31 publications

How Sliding and Hydrodynamics Contribute to Articular Cartilage Fluid and Lubrication Recovery

How Sliding and Hydrodynamics Contribute to Articular Cartilage Fluid and Lubrication Recovery

A novel mechanobiological model can predict how physiologically relevant dynamic loading causes proteoglycan loss in mechanically injured articular cartilage

Investigations of Sliding-Induced Solute Transport in Articular Cartilage

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