Mapping the structure and depth of lava tubes using ground penetrating radar

Miyamoto, H.; Haruyama, Junichi; Kobayashi, Takao; Suzuki, Keiiti; Okada, Tatsuaki; Nishibori, Toshiyuki; Showman, Adam P.; Lorenz, Ralph D.; Mogi, Katsuo; Crown, D. A.; Rodriguez, J. A. P.; Rokugawa, Shuichi; Tokunaga, Tomochika; Masumoto, Kazuhiko

doi:10.1029/2005gl024159

Cited by 27 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This can be obtained from geoelectrical, ground penetrating radar or VLF (Very Low Frequency) surveys (e.g. Bozzo et al 1994;Budetta and Del Negro 1995;Jackson et al 1987;Kauahikaua et al 1996;Miyamoto et al 2005). …”

Section: Geophysical Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lava effusion rate definition and measurement: a review

2007

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Measurement of effusion rate is a primary objective for studies that model lava flow and magma system dynamics, as well as for monitoring efforts during on-going eruptions. However, its exact definition remains a source of confusion, and problems occur when comparing volume flux values that are averaged over different time periods or spatial scales, or measured using different approaches. Thus our aims are to: (1) define effusion rate terminology; and (2) assess the various measurement methods and their results. We first distinguish between instantaneous effusion rate, and time-averaged discharge rate. Eruption rate is next defined as the total volume of lava emplaced since the beginning of the eruption divided by the time since the eruption began. The ultimate extension of this is mean output rate, this being the final volume of erupted lava divided by total eruption duration. Whether these values are total values, i.e. the flux feeding all flow units across the entire flow field, or local, i.e. the flux feeding a single active unit within a flow field across which many units are active, also needs to be specified. No approach is without its problems, and all can have large error (up to ∼50%). However, good agreement between diverse approaches shows that reliable estimates can be made if each approach is applied carefully and takes into account the caveats we detail here. There are three important factors to consider and state when measuring, giving or using an effusion rate. First, the time-period over which the value was averaged; second, whether the measurement applies to the entire active flow field, or a single lava flow within that field; and third, the measurement technique and its accompanying assumptions.

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Section: Geophysical Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lava effusion rate definition and measurement: a review

2007

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“…These two skylights may still open into subsurface voids although local topography does not indicate such spaces. Many cave skylights on Earth expose subsurface voids such as lava tubes or sink-holes that are not otherwise discernible by local terrain features [Calvari and Pinkerton, 1999;Miyamoto et al, 2005].…”

Section: Formation Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

THEMIS observes possible cave skylights on Mars

Cushing

Titus

Wynne

et al. 2007

Geophysical Research Letters

142

100

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[1] Seven possible skylight entrances into Martian caves were observed on and around the flanks of Arsia Mons by the Mars Odyssey Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS). Distinct from impact craters, collapse pits or any other surface feature on Mars, these candidates appear to be deep dark holes at visible wavelengths while infrared observations show their thermal behaviors to be consistent with subsurface materials. Diameters range from 100 m to 225 m, and derived minimum depths range between 68 m and 130 m. Most candidates seem directly related to pitcraters, and may have formed in a similar manner with overhanging ceilings that remain intact.

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“…The primary advantages of GPR are its non-invasive nature, the fast acquisition time, and the ability to obtain, with a very high spatial resolution, extensive investigated areas [2] and [3]. In particular, this technique was previously investigated volcanic deposits of Canada north of Vancouver [4], the Teide [5], [6] and Fuji [7], [8]. The volcanic products are generally constituted by discontinuous and heterogeneous layers such as lava flows, pyroclastic deposits and dykes which generally have complex stratigraphic relationships.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ground-Penetrating Radar technique to investigate historic eruptions on the Mt. Etna volcano (Sicily, Italy)

Barone

Mattei

Proietti

et al. 2013

2013 7th International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar

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"In the present paper we demonstrate the capability of. different remote sensing techniques to reconstruct the. evolutionary history of the lava flows on the Mt. Etna volcano. A. preliminary approach to the sites, based on aerial. photogrammetry, DEM, and topographic analyses, supports an. intense GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar) survey in several sites. with different stratigraphical characteristics. The GPR. measurements are performed with a bistatic system equipped. with both 500 and 1000 MHz antennas. The use of different. polarizations (TE, TM, Cross-Tx, and Cross-Rx) allow to extract. subsurface features information having 3D geological structure. reconstruction, electromagnetic nature information and. properties of buried reflectors.. This preliminary study highlights how the GPR technique. provides, non-destructively, useful data to study the mechanisms. of emplacement and the correlated hazard. Furthermore, if an. inactive lava tubes can only be detected after the collapse of their. vault, the use of GPR, on the contrary, could help to locate. buried undamaged lava tubes and to measure their dimensions,. providing useful structural information. Lava tubes, also,. strongly influences the development of lava fields and the hazard. connected with them, because they keep the lava thermally. isolated causing a propagation longer than it would have done in. an open channel.. Additionally, the combined use of different remote sensing. techniques can be useful to better estimate the thickness of the. lava fields, giving precious data about the nature of the flow.. Finally, the results highlight the importance of this combined. approach to evaluate different physical parameters at the same. time.

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Mapping the structure and depth of lava tubes using ground penetrating radar

Cited by 27 publications

References 19 publications

Lava effusion rate definition and measurement: a review

Lava effusion rate definition and measurement: a review

THEMIS observes possible cave skylights on Mars

Ground-Penetrating Radar technique to investigate historic eruptions on the Mt. Etna volcano (Sicily, Italy)

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