Mapping the thermal structure of solid-media pressure assemblies

Watson, E. Bruce; Wark, D. A.; Price, Jonathan D.; Orman, James A. Van

doi:10.1007/s00410-001-0327-4

Cited by 123 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Thermal gradients within the samples are smaller than 20°, based on temperature mapping of PC and MA assemblies comparable to those used here (Watson et al, 2002;van Westrenen et al 2003). The f O2 in our experiments is close to that of the iron-wü stite buffer (e.g.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 58%

Compressibility of molten Apollo 17 orange glass and implications for density crossovers in the lunar mantle

Parker

Agee

Duncan

et al. 2011

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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We performed density measurements on a synthetic equivalent of lunar Apollo 17 74,220 "orange glass", containing 9.1 wt% TiO 2 , at superliquidus conditions in the pressure range 0.5-8.5 GPa and temperature range 1723-2223 K using the sink/float technique. In the lunar pressure range, two experiments containing pure forsterite (Fo 100 ) spheres at 1.0 GPa and 1727 K, and at 1.3 GPa-1739 K, showed neutral buoyancies, indicating that the density of molten orange glass was equal to the density of Fo 100 at these conditions (3.09 ± 0.02 g cm À3 ). A third tight sink/float bracket using Fo 90 spheres corresponds to a melt density of 3.25 ± 0.02 g cm À3 at $2.8 GPa and $1838 K.Our data predict a density crossover for the molten orange glass composition with equilibrium orthopyroxene at $2.8 GPa, equivalent to a depth of $600 km in the lunar mantle, and a density of $3.25 g cm À3 . This crossover depth is close to the orange glass multiple saturation point, representing its minimum formation depth, at the appropriate oxygen fugacity (2.8-2.9 GPa). A density crossover with equilibrium olivine is predicted to fall outside the lunar pressure range (>4.7 GPa), indicating that molten orange glass is always less dense than its equilibrium olivines in the Moon. Our data therefore suggest that that lunar liquids with orange glass composition are buoyant with respect to their source region at P < $2.8 GPa, enabling their initial rise to the surface without the need for additional external driving forces.Fitting the density data to a Birch-Murnaghan equation of state at 2173 K leads to an array of acceptable solutions ranging between 16.1 and 20.3 GPa for the isothermal bulk modulus K 2173 and 3.6-8 for its pressure derivative K 0 , with best-fit values K 2173 = 18.8 GPa and K 0 = 4.4 when assuming a model 1 bar density value of 2.86 g cm À3 . When assuming a slightly lower 1 bar density value of 2.84 g cm À3 we find a range for K 2173 of 14.4-18.0 and K 0 3.7-8.7, with best-fit values of 17.2 GPa and 4.5, respectively.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 58%

Compressibility of molten Apollo 17 orange glass and implications for density crossovers in the lunar mantle

Parker

Agee

Duncan

et al. 2011

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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“…The resulting friction correction to the pressure is 0.5 ± 0.1 kbar below gauge in the pressure range 7 to 15 kbar, consistent with the pressure calibration study of McDade et al (2002). A temperature profile for the furnace assembly was determined using the spinel growth rate method of Watson et al (2002). There is a gradient of 10 ± 2 °C from the tip of the thermocouple to the inner top of the charge (where crystal growth was initiated in all run products).…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…A2. The plot of temperature profile calculated from the thickness of the spinel layer in the temperature profile experiment using the spinel-growth method of Watson et al (2002). The temperatures plotted as diamonds were calculated using the polybaric-fit equation.…”

Section: Pressure Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental petrology of the basaltic shergottite Yamato-980459: Implications for the thermal structure of the Martian mantle

White

Dalton

Kiefer

et al. 2006

Meteoritics &Amp; Planetary Science

131

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suggesting that these megacrysts are in fact phenocrysts that grew from a magma of the bulk rock composition. Multiple saturation of the melt with olivine and a low-calcium pyroxene occurs at approximately 12 ± 0.5 kbar and 1540 ± 10 °C, suggesting that the meteorite represents a primary melt that separated from its mantle source at a depth of ~100 km. Several lines of evidence suggest that the Y-980459 source underwent extensive melting prior to and/or during the magmatic event that produced the Y-980459 parent magma. When factored into convective models of the Martian interior, the high temperature indicated for the upper Martian mantle and possibly high melt fraction for the Y-980459 magmatic event suggests a significantly higher temperature at the core-mantle boundary than previously estimated.

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“…The assembly cured under a heat lamp for several hours before storage in a 120°C oven for more than 24 h. Several experiments were heated. In those experiments, pyrophyllite tubes were machined to fit into an electrically conductive graphite heater tube used in standard piston-cylinder assemblies (26). Rings of NaCl were pressed and drilled to fit around the assemblies.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pressure-enabled phonon engineering in metals

Lanzillo

Thomas

Watson

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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We present a combined first-principles and experimental study of the electrical resistivity in aluminum and copper samples under pressures up to 2 GPa. The calculations are based on first-principles density functional perturbation theory, whereas the experimental setup uses a solid media piston-cylinder apparatus at room temperature. We find that upon pressurizing each metal, the phonon spectra are blue-shifted and the net electron-phonon interaction is suppressed relative to the unstrained crystal. This reduction in electron-phonon scattering results in a decrease in the electrical resistivity under pressure, which is more pronounced for aluminum than for copper. We show that density functional perturbation theory can be used to accurately predict the pressure response of the electrical resistivity in these metals. This work demonstrates how the phonon spectra in metals can be engineered through pressure to achieve more attractive electrical properties.density functional theory | electron-phonon coupling | high-pressure conductivity S train has proven to be an effective means of modifying the electronic structure in semiconducting materials, particularly band gap modulation in metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (1-6). Strain also affects the phonon structure and transport properties of metals, which have no band gap to modulate, and may be used to engineer more attractive electrical properties at both the macroscale and the nanoscale.The nonzero electrical resistivity of a metal has two main contributions: the presence of defects and the vibrations of the lattice atoms about their equilibrium sites (7). Scattering events between electrons and vibrational quanta (phonons) give rise to the finite electrical resistivity in pure samples. First-principles calculations have proven to be remarkably successful in giving accurate descriptions of the phonon-induced electrical resistivity in metals (8-10). It also has been shown that the phonon-mediated properties, including the electrical resistivity and the superconducting transition temperature, can be altered under pressure (11-13). It has been suggested that the electrical transport properties due to the electron-phonon interaction in aluminum show a particularly strong response to interatomic spacing, particularly when the system is subject to extreme quantum confinement (14,15).Studies of the effect of pressure on the superconducting properties of aluminum suggest that superconductivity is suppressed through a reduction in the critical temperature, T c , as the pressure is increased (11,12,(16)(17)(18). It also has been reported that the electron-phonon coupling constant, λ, decreases in aluminum under pressure (11,16), but a quantitative extension to the electrical resistivity under pressure is lacking. Cheung and Ashcroft (13) suggested a decrease in the electrical resistivity of aluminum under volume compression by using a primitive pseudopotential model with experimentally determined interatomic force constants, but the pressures corresponding t...

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Mapping the thermal structure of solid-media pressure assemblies

Cited by 123 publications

References 14 publications

Compressibility of molten Apollo 17 orange glass and implications for density crossovers in the lunar mantle

Compressibility of molten Apollo 17 orange glass and implications for density crossovers in the lunar mantle

Experimental petrology of the basaltic shergottite Yamato-980459: Implications for the thermal structure of the Martian mantle

Pressure-enabled phonon engineering in metals

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