Mapping the visual brain: how and why

Bridge, Holly

doi:10.1038/eye.2010.166

Cited by 33 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Furthermore, we can only speculate that activation in the visual cortex for the plain > branded comparison for the eye‐tracking weighted analysis is related to visual processing of the HWL. An analysis using retinotopic mapping may have helped to identify the specific regions within the visual cortex which were related to attention to the branding and the HWL.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural mechanisms underlying visual attention to health warnings on branded and plain cigarette packs

et al. 2017

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AimsTo (1) test if activation in brain regions related to reward (nucleus accumbens) and emotion (amygdala) differ when branded and plain packs of cigarettes are viewed, (2) test whether these activation patterns differ by smoking status and (3) examine whether activation patterns differ as a function of visual attention to health warning labels on cigarette packs.DesignCross‐sectional observational study combining functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with eye‐tracking. Non‐smokers, weekly smokers and daily smokers performed a memory task on branded and plain cigarette packs with pictorial health warnings presented in an event‐related design.SettingClinical Research and Imaging Centre, University of Bristol, UK.ParticipantsNon‐smokers, weekly smokers and daily smokers (n = 72) were tested. After exclusions, data from 19 non‐smokers, 19 weekly smokers and 20 daily smokers were analysed.MeasurementsBrain activity was assessed in whole brain analyses and in pre‐specified masked analyses in the amygdala and nucleus accumbens. On‐line eye‐tracking during scanning recorded visual attention to health warnings.FindingsThere was no evidence for a main effect of pack type or smoking status in either the nucleus accumbens or amygdala, and this was unchanged when taking account of visual attention to health warnings. However, there was evidence for an interaction, such that we observed increased activation in the right amygdala when viewing branded as compared with plain packs among weekly smokers (P = 0.003). When taking into account visual attention to health warnings, we observed higher levels of activation in the visual cortex in response to plain packaging compared with branded packaging of cigarettes (P = 0.020).ConclusionsBased on functional magnetic resonance imaging and eye‐tracking data, health warnings appear to be more salient on ‘plain’ cigarette packs than branded packs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural mechanisms underlying visual attention to health warnings on branded and plain cigarette packs

et al. 2017

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“…For hMT+, masks were thresholded at 15%, as the variability of location of this area is greater than early visual areas [Large et al, ]. The ROI for V3a was taken from a probabilistic atlas based on retinotopic mapping in 18 sighted control subjects [Bridge, ]. Within each of the visual area masks, FEATQuery was used to convert COPE values into the percentage BOLD change, for both scan meetings for each subject.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increase in MST activity correlates with visual motion learning: A functional MRI study of perceptual learning

Larcombe

Kennard

Bridge

2017

Human Brain Mapping

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Repeated practice of a specific task can improve visual performance, but the neural mechanisms underlying this improvement in performance are not yet well understood. Here we trained healthy participants on a visual motion task daily for 5 days in one visual hemifield. Before and after training, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure the change in neural activity. We also imaged a control group of participants on two occasions who did not receive any task training. While in the MRI scanner, all participants completed the motion task in the trained and untrained visual hemifields separately. Following training, participants improved their ability to discriminate motion direction in the trained hemifield and, to a lesser extent, in the untrained hemifield. The amount of task learning correlated positively with the change in activity in the medial superior temporal (MST) area. MST is the anterior portion of the human motion complex (hMT+). MST changes were localized to the hemisphere contralateral to the region of the visual field, where perceptual training was delivered. Visual areas V2 and V3a showed an increase in activity between the first and second scan in the training group, but this was not correlated with performance. The contralateral anterior hippocampus and bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and frontal pole showed changes in neural activity that also correlated with the amount of task learning. These findings emphasize the importance of MST in perceptual learning of a visual motion task. Hum Brain Mapp 39:145–156, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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“…The primary visual cortex was defined using a probabilistic map defined using retinotopic mapping in 16 subjects [19]. This ROI for V1 was entirely within the damaged region of SBR, as the size of the retinotopic stimuli used for the mapping was well within his blind region.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vivid visual mental imagery in the absence of the primary visual cortex

et al. 2011

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The role of the primary visual cortex in visual mental imagery has provided significant debate in the imagery literature. Functional neuroimaging studies show considerable variation depending on task and technique. Patient studies can be difficult to interpret due to the diverse nature of cortical damage. The type of cortical damage in patient SBR is exceedingly rare as it is restricted to the gray matter of the calcarine sulcus. In this study, we show that in spite of his near-complete cortical blindness, SBR exhibits vivid visual mental imagery both behaviorally and when measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging. The pattern of cortical activation to visual mental imagery in SBR is indistinguishable from individual sighted subjects, in contrast to the visual perceptual responses, which are greatly attenuated.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00415-011-6299-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Mapping the visual brain: how and why

Cited by 33 publications

References 35 publications

Neural mechanisms underlying visual attention to health warnings on branded and plain cigarette packs

Neural mechanisms underlying visual attention to health warnings on branded and plain cigarette packs

Increase in MST activity correlates with visual motion learning: A functional MRI study of perceptual learning

Vivid visual mental imagery in the absence of the primary visual cortex

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