Mapping vulnerability to multiple stressors: climate change and globalization in India

O’Brien, Karen; Leichenko, Robin; Kelkar, Ulka; Venema, Henry David; Aandahl, Guro; Tompkins, Heather; Javed, Akram; Bhadwal, Suruchi; Barg, Stephan; Nygaard, Lynn P.; West, Jennifer Joy

doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2004.01.001

Cited by 986 publications

(596 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Since environmental parameters only enable assessing the sensitivity of target species to climate change, the use of socioeconomic parameters describing the human pressure is necessary to assess the species vulnerability (O'Brien et al 2004). In this case grazing is the main common use in both study areas.…”

Section: Environmental and Socioeconomic Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

The vulnerability of native rangeland plant species to global climate change in the West Asia and North African regions

Belgacem

Louhaichi²

2013

Climatic Change

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This study aimed to evaluate the impact of climate change on the geographical distribution of selected native species from two areas from West Asia and North Africa. Three species representing two genera were selected for assessment of their vulnerability to climate change. The first species was Salsola vermiculata L. which is common to both study areas. The second genus was represented by two species, Haloxylon salicornicum (Moq.) Bunge from the Syrian rangelands and H. schmittianum Pomel from southern Tunisia. To assess the vulnerability of these species to climate change we used ecological-based models. The data inputs were composed of the species occurrence data and the environmental data which included eight climatic layers, three soil property layers in addition to an altitude layer. Since environmental parameters only enable assessing the sensitivity of target species to climate change, a grazing pressure layer was used to assess the species vulnerability. Only climatic parameters were considered as changing across three periods; current situation, 2020 and 2050. The main results indicated that threatened range species, such as S. vermiculata which were subjected to continuous grazing pressure, showed high vulnerability to climate change as expressed by the predicted decrease in the areas of their distribution. However, species with low palatability and broad ecological niches (i.e. H. salicornicum and H. schmittianum) had an advantage due to the reduced competition for water and nutrients. An adaptation strategy to increase the resilience of the most vulnerable species should involve management of grazing pressure and the establishment of other mitigation measures.

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Section: Environmental and Socioeconomic Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

The vulnerability of native rangeland plant species to global climate change in the West Asia and North African regions

Belgacem

Louhaichi²

2013

Climatic Change

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“…This scholarship on community vulnerability to "multiple stressors" or "multiple exposures" has centered on climate change, for example, trying to understand how climate stress interacts with economic globalization (O'Brien et al, 2004), disease epidemiology (Reid and Vogel, 2006), livelihood risks (Belliveua et al, 2006) or resource management policies (Bunce et al, 2010).…”

Section: Understanding Impacts and Responses To Change In Sesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Preoccupied with global climate and environmental change (e.g., O'Brien et al, 2004;Reid and Vogel, 2006;Birk, 2014;Bunce et al, 2010;Tschakert, 2007;McCubbin et al, 2015), SES scholarship has paid less attention to social drivers of change. Notable exceptions include recent work by Breslow (2015) and Hicks et al (2016), who demonstrate how social drivers play an ever-greater role in shaping social vulnerability in fishing communities and can be linked to local ecological changes, which push marine ecosystems towards regime shifts.…”

Section: Understanding Impacts and Responses To Change In Sesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The role of temporal variation has often been masked by a dependence on different terms, each used to characterize or represent sources of SES change. Consider, for example, stressors (O'Brien et al, 2004;Bunce et al, 2010), exposures (O'Brien andLeichenko, 2000), shocks (Schwarz et al, 2011), trends (Bennett et al, 2016), and perturbations (Gallopín, 2006). However, while some of these terms (e.g., shocks or trends) imply differing timescales or magnitudes of pressure, the terms are often used interchangeably and applied to both slower and faster forms of change.…”

Section: Understanding Impacts and Responses To Change In Sesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Catching sea cucumber fever in coastal communities: Conceptualizing the impacts of shocks versus trends on social-ecological systems

Kaplan-Hallam¹,

Bennett²,

Satterfield³

2018

Preprint

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Research on vulnerability and adaptation in social-ecological systems (SES) has largely centered on climate change and associated biophysical stressors. Key implications of this are twofold. First, there has been limited engagement with the impacts of social drivers of change on communities and linked SES. Second, the focus on climate effects often assumes slower drivers of change and fails to differentiate the implications of change occurring at different timescales. This has resulted in a body of SES scholarship that is under-theorized in terms of how communities experience and respond to fast versus slow change. Yet, social and economic processes at global scales increasingly emerge as 'shocks' for local systems, driving rapid and often surprising forms of change distinct from and yet interacting with the impacts of slow, ongoing 'trends'. This research seeks to understand the nature and impacts of social shocks as opposed to or in concert with trends through the lens of a qualitative case study of a coastal community in Mexico, where demand from international seafood markets has spurred rapid development of a sea cucumber fishery. Specifically, we examined what different socialecological changes are being experienced by the community, how the impacts of the sea cucumber fishery are distinct from and interacting with slower ongoing trends and how these processes are affecting system vulnerability, adaptations and adaptive capacity. We begin by proposing a novel framework for conceptualizing impacts on social systems, as comprised of structures, functions, and feedbacks. Our results illustrate how the rapid-onset of this fishery has ecological changes are being experienced by the community, how the impacts of the sea cucumber fishery are distinct from and interacting with slower ongoing trends and in poaching and armed violence have emerged, exacerbating pressures from ongoing trends in immigration, overfishing and tourism development. We argue that there is a need to better understand and differentiate the social and ecological implications of shocks, which present novel challenges for the vulnerability and adaptive capacity of communities and the sustainability of marine ecosystems.

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“…Consequently, the ontology on vulnerable systems shown in Fig. 3 explicitly refers to four classes of vulnerable systems: (1) ''natural systems'' for vulnerability studies referring to a set of subclasses that include physical systems (Calvalieri et al 2012), biological systems (De Lange et al 2010), and/or biophysical systems (O'Brien et al 2004); (2) ''social systems'' for vulnerability studies referring to the subclasses of population in general (Adger 1999;Carreño et al 2007), social groups, for example, communities (Cutter et al 2003;Bollin and Hidajat 2006), functional systems, such as the economy (Patt et al 2010), the public financial sector (Mechler et al 2006) or the health sector (Hahn et al 2009;Few and Tran 2010); and (3) ''technical systems,'' such as vulnerability studies referring to critical infrastructure (Hellström 2007;Kröger and Zio 2011). In addition, the ontology also accounts for a separate class of hybrid concepts referring to interactions between and within systems, such as in societal and ecological (biophysical) subsystems (Turner et al 2003;Gallopín 2006) or societal and technical subsystems (Khazai et al 2013).…”

Section: Vulnerable Systems-vulnerability Of What?mentioning

confidence: 99%

VuWiki: An Ontology-Based Semantic Wiki for Vulnerability Assessments

Khazai

Kunz-Plapp

Büscher

et al. 2014

Int J Disaster Risk Sci

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Three decades of vulnerability research have generated a complex and growing body of knowledge. The concept of vulnerability, as well as its implementation in vulnerability assessments, is used in various disciplines and contexts. Correspondingly, a multitude of ideas and frameworks about how to conceptualize and measure vulnerability exists. To provide a structured representation of vulnerability, we have set up an ontology-based semantic wiki for reviewing and representing vulnerability assessments (www.vuwiki.org). Based on a survey of 55 vulnerability assessment studies, we first developed an ontology as an explicit reference system for describing vulnerability assessments. The ontology was then implemented in a semantic wiki which allows for the classification and annotation of vulnerability assessment. The resulting semantic wiki, VuWiki, does not aim at ''synthesizing'' a holistic and overarching model of vulnerability, but at (1) providing-both scientists and practitioners-with a uniform ontology as a reference system; (2) providing easy and structured access to the knowledge field of vulnerability assessments with the possibility for any user to retrieve assessments using specific research criteria; and (3) serving as a collaborative knowledge platform that allows for the active participation of those generating and using the knowledge represented in the vulnerability wiki.

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Mapping vulnerability to multiple stressors: climate change and globalization in India

Cited by 986 publications

References 19 publications

The vulnerability of native rangeland plant species to global climate change in the West Asia and North African regions

The vulnerability of native rangeland plant species to global climate change in the West Asia and North African regions

Catching sea cucumber fever in coastal communities: Conceptualizing the impacts of shocks versus trends on social-ecological systems

VuWiki: An Ontology-Based Semantic Wiki for Vulnerability Assessments

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