Marching Pixels - Using Organic Computing Principles in Embedded Parallel Hardware

Komann, Marcus; Fey, Dietmar

doi:10.1109/parelec.2006.52

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The original observer/controller pattern proposed in [46] employed a rule-based approach to decision making, augmented by several computation models dedicated to modifying the rules. In addition, many other works [47,48,49] employed a similar rule-based approach.…”

Section: Control Mechanisms and The Observer/controller Patternmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macrophage+: a Game With a Purpose for Applying Human Intelligence in Control Mechanisms

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Originally, control mechanisms were proposed to replace the need for human intervention in operational environments, and thus, enhance the precision and reaction time. Nowadays, new requirements in computer systems such as adaptation have made the design of control mechanisms more challenging. The Observer/Controller pattern is one of the control mechanisms proposed to control many interacting independent elements by making intelligent decisions. An important challenge in designing these mechanisms is that the knowledge needed for decision making is provided by experts; therefore, the process becomes time consuming and costly, depending on the availability of experts and their costs. In this paper, we hypothesize that employing a Game With A Purpose can help to improve the process of providing knowledge in such control mechanisms by using crowd-sourcing and involving non-expert humans in an enjoyable manner. This hypothesis has been investigated by Macro-phage+, a Game With A Purpose implemented for this goal. We conducted experiments evaluating Macrophage+, focusing on both its applicability and effectiveness in the context of the observer/controller pattern as well as its enjoyability for the players. The results show that Macrophage+ is a successful Game With A Purpose that involves non-expert humans in the application of the observer/controller pattern.

show abstract

Section: Control Mechanisms and The Observer/controller Patternmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macrophage+: a Game With a Purpose for Applying Human Intelligence in Control Mechanisms

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In [17] and [18] the finding of object centroids is carried out due the evolving of a horizontal line, where MPs begin to run from the upper and lower edge of each object. During passing through the object vertically the MPs increments the column sums within the object.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Smart Camera Processing Pipeline for Image Applications Utilizing Marching Pixels

Schmidt¹,

Reichenbach²,

Loos³

et al. 2011

SIPIJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For the application-specific solution, we propose an array of processor elements (PEs) as core for a smart CMOS camera chip [23][24][25]. Figure 9 shows the principle of the implementation.…”

Section: Architecture Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Realizing real‐time centroid detection of multiple objects with marching pixels algorithms on programmable customizing hardware

Fey

Reichenbach

Komann

et al. 2011

Concurrency and Computation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this paper, we present a class of emergent algorithms called Marching Pixels and a corresponding programmable parallel chip architecture. Marching Pixels can be used for real-time image processing in smart camera chips. They are based on hardware agents, which are virtually crawling in a pixel grid image to find attributes like centroid, rotation, and size of an arbitrary number of objects given in an image. Because of the distributed and local processing scheme of Marching Pixels, reply times in milliseconds can be fulfilled. This means that time is determined where pre-known objects are located and how they are oriented to the main axes of the image. We present an example Marching Pixels algorithm and corresponding applicationspecific and programmable parallel architectures. The latter contains a specific instruction set that allows not only the execution of Marching Pixels algorithms but also of arbitrary Cellular Automata algorithms as an embedded parallel processor. The strengths and weaknesses of this architecture concerning the realization as field-programmable gate arrays and application-specific integrated circuits are discussed by means of hardware synthesis results. These results are compared with the solution achievable on a real hardware like the Atom processor. the camera in a way that work can be done in the requested time. The problem is, if image processing is serially performed using classic algorithms, it will be too slow even on fast single processors. For clarification, an example is given now. Let the image have classic VGA resolution of 640 480 pixels. This means a serial processor has to compute 307.200 pixels within the required reply time of 10 ms. Hence, only 32.6 ns remain for the computation of each pixel. To carry out a reasonable number of operations within this time range would require a clock cycle time of several GHz that one would like to avoid in embedded systems because of the high energy dissipation at such high frequencies.Our answer in order to both meet the strict real-time requirements and to be scalable with regard to increasing pixel resolutions are appropriate parallel low-level, that is hardware-oriented, algorithms, which are based mainly on local operators. These algorithms must not only work in parallel to be fast but also in a distributed way to be robust as well.The scalability in our algorithms is fulfilled by a kind of autonomous agents, which are instructed with the task to travel virtually within a pixel grid, which corresponds to the image, in order to find the centroids coordinates of objects given in this image. After the agents have found them, the corresponding coordinates are given to a robot control to enable the robot to grap the objects. Because these agents march around the pixels, they were given the name Marching Pixels (MPs). They have the goal to visit certain pixels and to gather data about the objects to which the pixels belong. The MP swarm shall further compress the gathered data in order to retrieve desired object information like size, ...

show abstract

Marching Pixels - Using Organic Computing Principles in Embedded Parallel Hardware

Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

Macrophage+: a Game With a Purpose for Applying Human Intelligence in Control Mechanisms

Macrophage+: a Game With a Purpose for Applying Human Intelligence in Control Mechanisms

A Smart Camera Processing Pipeline for Image Applications Utilizing Marching Pixels

Realizing real‐time centroid detection of multiple objects with marching pixels algorithms on programmable customizing hardware

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About