Marginal Reefs in the Anthropocene: They Are Not Noah’s Ark

Soares, Marcelo de Oliveira; Cruz, Igor Cristino Silva; Santos, Bráulio A.; Tavares, Tallita Cruz Lopes; Garcia, Tatiane Martins; Menezes, Natália; Lopes, B. D.; Araújo, Jorge Thé de; Gurgel, Anne Larisse Alves Rebouças; Rossi, Sergio

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-57054-5_4

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 179 publications

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“…Our results also emphasize understudied aspects regarding the biological diversity of marginal reefs (Soares et al., 2021 ). In this study, we demonstrate how sponges in marginal reef formations have their diversity vertically and horizontally distributed in Northeast Brazil.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…In addition to global threats, such as climate change, local environmental conditions may also be unfavorable to reef‐build and reef‐associated communities. Although the urgent need for conserving and understanding the highly diverse typical coral reefs is unquestionable, it has been increasingly recognized that the research agenda of reef communities should also focus on less traditional reefs (Soares et al., 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring depth‐related patterns of sponge diversity and abundance in marginal reefs

Morais,

Cordeiro,

Medeiros

et al. 2024

Ecology and Evolution

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Marine sponges play a vital role in the reef's benthic community; however, understanding how their diversity and abundance vary with depth is a major challenge, especially on marginal reefs in areas deeper than 30 m. To help bridge this gap, we used underwater videos at 24 locations between 2‐ and 62‐meter depths on a marginal reef system in the Southwestern Atlantic to investigate the effect of depth on the sponge metacommunity. Specifically, we quantified the abundance, density, and taxonomic composition of sponge communities, and decomposed their gamma (γ) diversity into alpha (α) and beta (β) components. We also assessed whether beta diversity was driven by species replacement (turnover) or by nesting of local communities (nestedness). We identified 2020 marine sponge individuals, which belong to 36 species and 24 genera. As expected, deep areas (i.e., those greater than 30 m) presented greater sponge abundance and more than eightfold the number of sponges per square meter compared to shallow areas. About 50% of the species that occurred in shallow areas (<30 m) also occurred in deep areas. Contrarily to expectations, alpha diversity of rare (0Dα), typical (1Dα), or dominant (2Dα) species did not vary with depth, but the shallow areas had greater beta diversity than the deep ones, especially for typical (1Dβ) and dominant (2Dβ) species. Between 92.7% and 95.7% of the beta diversity was given by species turnover both inside and between shallow and deep areas. Our results support previous studies that found greater sponge abundance and density in deep areas and reveal that species sorting is stronger at smaller depths, generating more beta diversity across local communities in shallow than deep areas. Because turnover is the major driver at any depth, the entire depth gradient should be considered in management and conservation strategies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring depth‐related patterns of sponge diversity and abundance in marginal reefs

Morais,

Cordeiro,

Medeiros

et al. 2024

Ecology and Evolution

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“…Fifth, phylogenetic beta diversity suggested that typical and dominant species belong to a few clades irrespective to depth. Jointly, these results highlight that the deep reefs of southwestern Atlantic, as other marginal reefs around the world, have their own dynamics and deserve the same attention that shallow reefs do (Soares et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…In our study region, the DRRH was tested for coral communities with the same analytical approach used here and little support for the hypothesis was observed as well . Nonetheless, we stress that particular species, functions, and lineages may do found refuge or refugium in deep reefs, but not entire fish communities (Soares et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…As shallow-water coral reef ecosystems are gradually degraded by human activities, identifying areas where biodiversity can be maintained has become a conservation priority worldwide Soares et al, 2020). These areas comprise marginal reefs such as turbid-zone and high-temperature areas, macrotidal reefs, tide pools, volcanic CO 2 vents, ojos (low pH springs), areas with submarine groundwater discharge, mangrove systems, upwelling areas, temperate mesophotic ecosystems, mesophotic coral ecosystems, and coldwater coral ecosystems (Camp et al, 2018;Enochs et al, 2020;Soares et al, 2021). Growing attention has been paid to the mesophotic coral ecosystems (deep reefs hereafter), which are usually characterized by the presence of light-dependent corals and other habitat-forming benthic organisms (i.e., octocorals, antipatharians, macroalgae, and sponges) that are typically found at depths ranging from 30 to 150 m in tropical and subtropical regions (Asher et al, 2017;Hinderstein et al, 2010;Pinheiro et al, 2019;Rosa et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deep reefs are not refugium for shallow‐water fish communities in the southwestern Atlantic

Medeiros

Ferreira

Alvarado

et al. 2021

Ecology and Evolution

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Prevalence and extent of coral diseases in shallow and mesophotic reefs of the Southwestern Atlantic

Morais

Santos

2022

Coral Reefs

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Coral reef ecology has advanced in many fields, but disease patterns across depth gradients remain unclear. By comparing the prevalence and extent of bleaching and diseases in 160 colonies of Siderastrea stellata between shallow and mesophotic reefs, we observed that prevalence was high (75%) regardless of depth, but the extent was about two times greater in mesophotic than shallow reefs (14.4% vs. 6.6% of colony area, respectively). Across the shallow reefs, where S. stellata co-occurred with Montastraea cavernosa, M. cavernosa showed lower prevalence (27% of 30 colonies) and extent (1.8% of colony area) compared to S. stellata. Besides bleaching, five coral diseases afflicted S. stellata and two affected M. cavernosa. Because diseases are spread over the entire gradient of depth, any attempt of managing the diseases should consider both shallow and deep reefs to be effective.

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Marginal Reefs in the Anthropocene: They Are Not Noah’s Ark

Cited by 7 publications

References 179 publications

Exploring depth‐related patterns of sponge diversity and abundance in marginal reefs

Exploring depth‐related patterns of sponge diversity and abundance in marginal reefs

Deep reefs are not refugium for shallow‐water fish communities in the southwestern Atlantic

Prevalence and extent of coral diseases in shallow and mesophotic reefs of the Southwestern Atlantic

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